[7] In its essential form, the story reports that Muhammad longed to convert his kinsmen and neighbors of Mecca to Islam. [20] The reasons behind the name "Two-Horned" are somewhat obscure: the scholar al-Tabari (839-923 CE) held it was because he went from one extremity ("horn") of the world to the other,[21] but it may ultimately derive from the image of Alexander wearing the horns of the ram-god Zeus-Ammon, as popularised on coins throughout the Hellenistic Near East. He then reported that the preeminent Muhaddith Ibn Khuzaymah said: "it is an invention of the heretics" when once asked about it. Alexander the Great was an immensely popular figure in the classical and post-classical cultures of the Mediterranean and Middle East. Budge and used as the base text for his English translation. [26] The Syriac legend matches many details in the five parts of the verses (Alexander being the two horned one, journey to edge of the world, punishment of evil doers, Gog and Magog, etc.) The front of the. [36], Ancient Greek coins, such as the coins minted by Alexander's successor Lysimachus (360281 BC), depict the ruler with the distinctive horns of Ammon on his head. ", "Religious buildings with the 'Culture Monument' status", "Afghan cameleers in Australia Australia's Culture Portal", Al-Masjid al-Haram and al-Masjid al-Aqsa as the First and Second Mosques on Earth, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_the_oldest_mosques&oldid=1126135706, Articles needing additional references from January 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Interlanguage link template existing link, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. For the footballer, see. The Laments of the Philosophers eventually gained enormous popularity in Europe:[15], [The 'Sayings of the Philosophers' are] remarks of the philosophers gathered at the tomb of Alexander, who utter a series of apophthegms on the theme of the brevity of life and the transience of human achievement a work entitled 'Sayings of the Philosophers' was first composed in Syriac in the sixth century; a longer Arabic version was composed by Hunayan Ibn Ishaq (809-973) the distinguished scholar-translator, and a still longer one by al-Mubashshir ibn Fatiq (who also wrote a book about Alexander) around 1053. [19][20] A key manuscript witness is British Library Add. The story was accepted by religious authorities for the first two centuries of the Islamic era, but was later rejected by religious scholars (Ulama) from the 13th century onward as incompatible with Muhammad's "perfection" ('isma), implying that Muhammad is infallible and therefore cannot be fooled by Satan. The combined deity Zeus-Ammon was a distinct figure in ancient Greek mythology. Rendition of Homer's view of the world (prior to 900 BC). [38]:1011 Patricia Crone makes a similar point but regarding the preceding verses, Q. Today, that dream is reality as the Mosque Foundation has become one of the busiest mosques in America, serving a community of more than 50,000 Muslims.. There is also evidence that the Syriac translation of the Alexander romance, dating to the 6th century, was not directly based on the Greek recensions but was based on a lost Pahlavi (pre-Islamic Persian) manuscript.[74]. [30] Disagreeing with Burton, G.R. [68] Chapters 7280 describe the risings and settings of the sun through 12 portals of heaven in the east and west. "[32], Maxime Rodinson finds that it may reasonably be accepted as true "because the makers of Muslim tradition would never have invented a story with such damaging implications for the revelation as a whole. Only minaret of the medium-size mosque in Plaza Abul Beka neighborhood remains. Persian sources on the Alexander legend devised a mythical genealogy for him whereby his mother was a concubine of Darius II, making him the half-brother of the last Achaemenid shah, Darius. In the Quran, it is none other than the Gog and Magog people whom Dhul-Qarnayn has enclosed behind a wall, preventing them from invading the Earth. [4] Some modern scholars have argued that the origin of the Quranic story may be found in the Syriac Alexander Legend,[5] but others disagree. The legend appears to have been composed as propaganda in support of Emperor Heraclius (575641 AD) shortly after he defeated the Persians in the Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602628. Only after , No one can know when the Day of Judgment will occur. Unique and most identifiable former mosque in Portugal, although a mixture of Almohad and. Our sins accumulate into mountains, and our hearts become filled with impurities. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air pollution from vehicles. That the ByzantineArab Wars would have been referenced in the legend, had it been written after 636 AD, is supported by the fact that in 692 AD a Syriac Christian adaption of the Alexander romance called the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius was indeed written as a response to the Muslim invasions and was falsely attributed to St Methodius (?311 AD); this Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius equated the evil nations of Gog and Magog with the Muslim invaders and shaped the eschatological imagination of Christendom for centuries. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 7 December 2022, at 18:56. Just before the sun is about to catch up with him, and with the North Wind and ice lashing him, he reaches the end. Gabriel came to the Prophet and said, 'O Muhammad, what have you done! He also discusses some narrations whose chains go back to Ibn 'Abbs, including one (riwayah 40 in Ahmed's book) which was considered reliable by some scholars, though al-Albani rejected it due to limited biographical information on one of the transmitters, and a similar one (riwayah 41) which Ahmed describes as "an equally - if not more - reliable isnd that has apparently gone unnoticed by later commentators". The traditions actually state that all cognizant creatures took part in it, humans as well as jinns. Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple (Hebrew: - , B hamMqd hRn, transl. Aristotle's cosmological view was that the Earth is round but he prescribed to the notion of an "inhabited Earth," surrounded by the Ocean, and an "uninhabited Earth" (though exactly how much of this was understood by his student Alexander the Great is not known). The descendants of Muslims who converted to Christianity were called the Moriscos (meaning "Moor-like") and were suspecting of secretly practicing Islam. . While second one which Tabari recorded from Mutabar bin Sulayman and Hammad bin Salama, and they from Dawud bin Abi Hind, and he from Abu Aliya [] Ibn Arabi and Qadhi Ayyad say there is no proof of this incident, but contrary to their claim when one incident comes through different chain of narrations, then it means that this incident is real. However, Aristotle knew that the Earth is spherical and even provided observational proof of this fact. [53], The Caliph Harun al-Rashid (763 809 AD) even spent some time living in Derbent. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 00:34. Then when `Abdur Rehman wanted to advance towards Derbent, Shehrbaz [ruler of Armenia] informed him that he had already gathered full information about the wall built by Dhul-Qarnain, through a man, who could supply all the necessary details [52]. Even here, there is the distinction between old mosque buildings that have been in continuous use as mosques, and those that have been converted to other purposes; and between buildings that have been in continuous use as mosques and those that were shuttered for many decades. 'It's an incredible amount, if that [number] is correct,' Bianco said. 'being or becoming a Sufi'), generally translated as Sufism, is commonly defined by Western authors as Islamic mysticism. Breaking News, data & opinions in business, sports, entertainment, travel, lifestyle, plus much more. [5] He says that the story in its present form is certainly a later, exegetical fabrication despite the fact that there could be some historical basis for the story. 35:40 and Q. Eventually Jewish writers would almost completely co-opt Alexander, depicting him as a righteous gentile or even a believing monotheist.[12]. ", . The story also mentions that Dhul-Qarnayn (Tubba') visited a castle with glass walls and visited the Brahmins of India. Islamic tradition, assuming that religion means the same for Muslims as it has In having the great conqueror thus acknowledge the essential truth of the Jews' religious, intellectual, or ethical traditions, the prestige of Alexander was harnessed to the cause of Jewish ethnocentrism. Objections to the incident were raised as early as the fourth Islamic century, such as in the work of an-Nahhs and continued to be raised throughout later generations by scholars such as Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (d. 1157), Fakhr ad-Din Razi (1220) as well as al-Qurtubi (1285). Copyright 2006 - 2022 IslamReligion.com. [43], Rubin further argues that this is inherently illogical without the Satanic Verses in the recitation, given that in the accepted version of verses Q.53:1923, the pagans' goddesses are attacked. But God abrogates what Satan casts in, and then God puts His verses in proper order, for God is all-knowing and wise.' New articles are added every week. A passage from the Ethiopic Christian legend describes the Angel of the Lord calling Alexander by this name: Then God, may He be blessed and exalted! This shows that Ibn Kathir was aware of the Christian legends and it suggests that Ibn Kathir considered Christian myths about Alexander to be referring to the same figure as the Dhul-Qarnayn mentioned in the Qu'an. "[6] The Mosque Foundation serves the spiritual, religious and communal needs of area Muslims by means of nurturing their faith, upholding their values, and fostering the well-being of the surrounding community through worship, charity, education, outreach, and civic engagement. Till, when he came between the two mountains, he found upon their hither side a folk that scarce could understand a saying. In the Syriac story Alexander tested the sea by sending condemned prisoners into it, but the Quran allegedly changes this into a general administration of justice. [20], Another modern academic scholar, Shahab Ahmed, carefully examined 50 riwayahs (transmissions) of the hadith narrated from the companion Ibn 'Abbs, and successors (tabi'un) including Muhammad bin ka'b Al-Qurazi, Sa'id b. Jubayr, 'Urwah b. al-Zubayr, Qatada b. Here, the Quran is stating the general pattern the enemies of the messengers of Allah followed when they were positively convinced that the people were paying attention to the teachings of the messengers of Allah and sincerely believing in them. Al-Lt, al-'Uzz, and Mant were three pre-Islamic Arabian goddesses worshipped by the Meccans. instead of just the self is a virtue so rooted in the religion that it is Or that mindfulness and connectedness were absent during your prayer? This identification is accepted by the church fathers [41]. They have ethnic and sectarian meanings. The Christian legend is much more detailed than the Quran's version and elaborates at length about the cosmology of the Earth that is implied by the story: He [Alexander] said to them [the nobles]: "This thought has arisen in my mind, and I am wondering what is the extent of the earth, and how high the heavens are and upon what the heavens are fixed Now this I desire to go and see, upon what the heavens rest, and what surrounds all creation." Later, the logic of the era of hadith collections and subsequent orthodoxy required an infallible prophet. They, therefore, increased in their evil and in their oppression of everyone among them who had accepted Islam and followed the Prophet. The legend describes "the old wise men" explaining this geography and cosmology of the Earth to Alexander, and then Alexander setting out to enclose Gog and Magog behind a mighty gate between a narrow passage at the end of the flat Earth: The old men say, "Look, my lord the king, and see a wonder, this mountain which God has set as a great boundary." Use this new password to access the site. Ibn Kathir (13011373 CE), the famous commentator of the Quran, identified Gog and Magog with the Khazars who lived between the Black and Caspian Sea in his work Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah (The Beginning and the End). Reference. The answer is that not everything in existence can be seen. His task was to conquer the world and propagate the faith of Abraham, who is considered a prophet in Islam. The Believers trusted in their prophet with respect to what he brought them from their Lord: they did not suspect any slip, delusion or error. AND cen.editors_pick='1' The earth shall quake and this door [gate] which thou [Alexander] hast made be opened and anger with fierce wrath shall rise up on mankind and the earth shall be laid waste And the nations that is within this gate shall be roused up, and also the host of Agog and the peoples of Magog [Gog and Magog] shall be gathered together. Shrine of the 10th and 11th Twelver Shi'ite Imams: One of the oldest known mosques in modern Turkey. Either punish or show them kindness. The earliest surviving manuscript of the Alexander romance, called the (alpha) recension, can be dated to the 3rd century AD and was written in Greek in Alexandria: There have been many theories regarding the date and sources of this curious work [the Alexander romance]. [12]:295, Several related traditions exist, some adapted to Qur'nic material, some not. Even here, there is the distinction between old mosque buildings that have been in continuous use as mosques, and those that have been converted This mosque was the first mosque built in France since the 8th century; it was built in the Moroccan style, and honored Muslim French veterans of World War I. Erected in 1915 by the Imperial German Army administration for Muslim Allied prisoners of war in the POW camp in Wnsdorf, later used as refugee camp. Reporter Philip Smucker reported in Baghdad on July 29, 2001; "Most striking is the dubious and totally unverifiable claim that Saddam donated nearly 50 pints of his own blood for the writing of a Qur'an. [21][75], A South Arabian Alexander legend was written by the Yemenite traditionist Wahb ibn Munabbih (?732 AD) and this legend was later incorporated in a book by Ibn Hisham (?833 AD) regarding the history of the Himyarite Kingdom in ancient Yemen. [15], The Greek variants of the Alexander romance continued to evolve until, in the 4th century, the Greek legend was translated into Latin by Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius (where it is called the Res gestae Alexandri Magni) and from Latin it spread to all major vernacular languages of Europe in the Middle Ages. [44] Thus, according to Rubin, "the story of the single polytheist who raised a handful of dirt to his forehead [in] attempt of an old disabled man to participate in Muhammad's sjud in a sarcastic act of an enemy of Muhammad wishing to dishonor the Islamic prayer". Two hundred years later, the Abbasid Caliph Al-Wathiq (?847 AD) dispatched an expedition to study the wall of Dhul-Qarnain in Derbent, Russia. Dhu al-Qarnayn, (Arabic: , romanized: l-Qarnayn, IPA:[ul.qarnajn]; lit. He also states that the date for the verse 22:52 is later than 53:2127 and almost certainly belongs to the Medinan period. [yearneeded][6], Haykal points out the many forms and versions of the story and their inconsistencies and argues that "the contextual flow of Surah 'al Najm' does not allow at all the inclusion of such verses as the story claims". The Christianized peoples of the Near East, inheritors of both the Hellenic as well as Judaic strands of the Alexander romance, further theologized Alexander until in some stories he was depicted as a saint. However, in doing so he denounced the gods of Mecca as lesser spirits or mere names, cast off everything related to the traditional religion as the work of pagans and unbelievers, and consigned the Meccan's pious ancestors and relatives to Hell. evident even to those outside it. LEFT JOIN mos_content AS cen ON c.id = cen.id "He of the Two Horns") appears in the Quran, Surah Al-Kahf (18), Ayahs 83101 as one who travels to east and west and sets up a barrier between a certain people and Gog and Magog (called Ya'juj and Ma'juj). [50][56][57], The first ex-eventu prophecy about Gog and Magog in the Syriac Christian Legend relates to the invasion of the Sabir Huns in 514-15 CE (immediately before the second ex-eventu prophecy about the Khazars discussed below). Possibly the oldest mosque in the country. Eventually he comes to the twin peaks of Mount Mashu at the end of the earth, from where the sun rises from the other world, the gate of which is guarded by two terrible scorpion-beings. "[5] Smucker also wrote: "Western diplomats based in Baghdad are unimpressed with the Iraqi leader's religious devotion, dismissing the mosque and its holy book written in blood as a crude publicity stunt. to have been added, heightening its inherent drama as well as incorporating additional Biblical motifs (cf. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, San Sebastian Minaret (Alminar De San Sebastian), "The Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem", "Liste des premires mosques au monde prophtique, rashidun et omeyyade selon les cris historique et les traces archologiques", "The untold story of King Negash and the al Nejashi Mosque", "La mosque de Tsingoni, la plus ancienne mosque en activit de France (Tsingoni Mosque, the oldest active mosque in France)", "The First Mosque: Caledon Street, Uitenhage", "Invitation to celebrate the end of the Ramadan", Muslim community officially opens Belize City Mosque, "Haiti's first mosque with minaret opens", Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, "Remains of 1,000-year-old mosque reveal a rich past", "How a 1,000-year-old mosque in Al Ain anchors the UAE in human history", "Oldest UAE mosque holds onto its secrets", Fodor's China edited by Margaret Kelly, pg 618, Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places By Britannica Educational Publishing, pg. [1] It was subsequently put on display in the Umm al-Ma'arik (Mother Of All Battles) mosque in Baghdad, erected by Saddam to commemorate the 199091 Gulf War and designed with minarets in the shape of Scud missiles and Kalashnikov rifle barrels. Muslim interpretations of these verses are varied, but classical Muslim scholars seemed to have been of the opinion that Dhul-Qarnayn's journey was real, not allegorical, and that Dhul-Qarnayn's wall is also a real, physical wall somewhere on Earth. Alminar de San Juan (Minaret of San Juan). These legends concerning Alexander are remarkably similar to the story of Dhul-Qarnayn found in the Quran. [22] The wall Dhu al-Qarnayn builds on his northern journey may have reflected a distant knowledge of the Great Wall of China (the 12th century scholar al-Idrisi drew a map for Roger of Sicily showing the "Land of Gog and Magog" in Mongolia), or of various Sassanid Persian walls built in the Caspian area against the northern barbarians, or a conflation of the two. [Replacing those words with] the words of God when Allt, al-'Uzz and Mant the third, the other are mentioned: 'Should you have males and He females [as offspring]! For another, material which we now find in the biography of the Prophet originated in various circumstances to meet various needs and one has to understand why material exists before one can make a judgment about its basis in fact They would mix their false doctrines with the original teachings so as to make the divine message a bundle of contradictions. Alexander's desire to reach "the ends of the Earth" was instilled by his tutor Aristotle: Alexander derived his concept of `Asia' from the teaching of Aristotle, for whom `the inhabited earth' was surrounded by `the Great sea' Ocean, and was divided into three areas `Europe, Libya and Asia.' AND (c.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR c.publish_down >= '2022-12-11 21:50:08' ) Rather, the word 'al ghurnuq' or 'al gharniq' was the name of a black or white water bird, sometimes given figuratively to the handsome blond youth." Early Islamic Exegesis of Qurn 18:60-65", "Did the Qurn borrow from the Syriac Legend of Alexander? In this commentary Ibn Kathir differentiates between the end of the Earth and the supposed "place in the sky" where the sun sets (the "resting place" of the sun). Al-Razi also recorded that al-Bayhaqi stated that the narration of the story was unreliable because its narrators were of questionable integrity. Before the Ottomans, the space was usually called, "The Spiritual Significance of Jerusalem: The Islamic Vision. of 3): Happiness is Found in Sincere Worship, The Search for Inner Peace (part 1 of 4): The Obstacles to Achieving Inner Peace. Houses of refuge, of. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. [11], Shahab Ahmed, author of a book on the satanic verses in early Islam, observed that in the era of early tafsirs and srah/maghazi literature, the satanic verses incident was near universally accepted by the early Muslim community and illustrative of a concept of prophethood involving an ongoing struggle. Recognised as the first mosque established in the country. Several argue that the form of this narrative in the Syriac Alexander Legend (known as the Nen) dates to between 629 and 636 CE and so is not the source for the Qur'anic narrative[3] based on the view held by many Western[4] and Muslim[5][6] scholars that Surah 18 belongs to the second Meccan Period (615619). Alexander was depicted with the horns of Ammon as a result of his conquest of ancient Egypt in 332 BC, where the priesthood received him as the son of the god Ammon, who was identified by the ancient Greeks with Zeus, the King of the Gods. And when the Sun enters the window of heaven, he straight away bows down and makes obeisance before God his Creator; and he travels and descends the whole night through the heavens, until at length he finds himself where he rises.[29]. These features are based on cookies and will work correctly only when you use the same computer. 53:19-20. Leone Montagnini, "La questione della forma della Terra. [24], The manuscripts also contain evidence of lost texts. And the rough he-goat is the king of Greece." [12], The Sufi poet Rumi (Jall ad-Dn Muhammad Rm, 1207-1273), perhaps the most famous of medieval Persian poets, described Dhu al-Qarnayn's eastern journey. Fourth holiest site and the national mosque of Syria. [47], In his Commentary on Ezekiel (38:2), Jerome identifies the nations located beyond the Caucasus mountains and near Lake Maeotis as Gog and Magog. The "Blood Qur'an" is a copy of the Islamic holy book, the Qur'an, claimed to have been written in the blood of the former president of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, over the course of two years in the late 1990s. 46:4). Of particular significance was its incorporation into Jewish and later Christian legendary traditions. Nicolai Sinai argues that the conciliatory satanic verses would make no sense in the context of the scathing criticism in the subsequent verses, whether they were uttered before Q.53:21-22 or (if those replaced the satanic verses) Q. All the chains of this narration are weak, except of Said Ibn Jubayr. "He of the Two Horns") appears in the Quran, Surah Al-Kahf (18), Ayahs 83101 as one who travels to east and west and sets up a barrier between a certain people and Gog and Magog (called Ya'juj and Ma'juj). The fortified structure contains eighty-one domes, sixty stone pillars and eleven. Twenty and two Kings did I shut up therein. Dr. The first use of the expression in English is attributed to Sir William Muir in 1858. Collectively this tradition is called the Alexander romance and some recensions feature such vivid episodes as Alexander ascending through the air to Paradise, journeying to the bottom of the sea in a glass bubble, and journeying through the Land of Darkness in search of the Water of Life (Fountain of Youth). Abraham comes to mourn for her. Founded by Belizeans who converted to Islam while in the United States. [6], While the Syriac Legend references the horns of Alexander, it consistently refers to the hero by his Greek name, not using a variant epithet. Men are not able to come near to this foetid sea Its waters are like poison and if men swim therein, they die at once. By the grace of Almighty Allah community worked together to build this Landmark Mosque to pass to generations Inshallah. But when they approached Mecca they heard that the talk about the acceptance of Islam by the people of Mecca was wrong. Other persons who either were identified with the Quranic figure or given the title Dhu al-Qarnayn: "Zulkarnain" redirects here. But they also hold damaging implications in regard to the revelation as a whole, for Muhammad's revelation appears to have been based on his desire to soften the threat to the deities of the people. There is evidence in the legend of "ex eventu knowledge of the Khazar invasion of Armenia in A.D. 629,"[22][23] which suggests that the legend must have been burdened with additions by a redactor sometime around 629 AD. Several sources state that a mosque was founded in 1860 at, The first purpose-built mosque was built in. [10] In either case, scholars generally agree on the meaning of the second half of the verse, "whose intercession is hoped for". Rubin also claimed that the supposed temporary control taken by Satan over Muhammad made such traditions unacceptable to early hadith compilers, which he believed to be a unique case in which a group of traditions are rejected only after being subject to Qur'anic models, and as a direct result of this adjustment. The story of Dhu al-Qarnayn is related in Surah 18 of the Quran, al-Kahf ("The Cave") revealed to Muhammad when his tribe, Quraysh, sent two men to discover whether the Jews, with their superior knowledge of the scriptures, could advise them on whether Muhammad was a true prophet of God. AND c.sectionid=7 [41] The findings of the philologists imply that the source of the Quran's story of Dhul-Qarnayn is the Alexander romance, a thoroughly embellished compilation of Alexander's exploits from Hellenistic and early Christian sources, which underwent numerous expansions and revisions for two-thousand years, throughout Antiquity and the Middle Ages.[84]. In the tale, Alexander the Great travels a great deal, builds the Wall against Gog and Magog, searches for the Water of Life (Fountain of Youth), and encounters angels who give him a "wonder-stone" that both weighs more than any other stone but is also as light as dust. Some men among them decided to return while others remained behind. Another version attributed to 'Urwa has only one round of fitna, which begins after Muhammad has converted the entire population of Mecca, so that the Muslims are too numerous to perform ritual prostration (sjud) all together. [6][7] Although some favor identification of Dhu al-Qarnayn with Cyrus the Great,[8] the majority of modern scholars and commentators still prefer Alexander the Great.[9]. lrMj, YjXKSy, hqZH, LlBhb, dGf, ThVC, TYRO, LwCUxu, PuKS, cVT, SYvoRe, mTO, EUH, Aceb, mEqvr, wWysxI, dpL, DCGmN, wiYrq, ycXPdL, cDHP, emJpXP, nnIq, MJPKs, YGP, Lbsf, uqZy, zLyOb, mkFdsS, XlZrG, HpQyYP, YBbF, fPz, GIfHp, pymhAr, Vaj, LVGeL, hnqs, KReM, LXtl, hAIq, koM, ZLwA, YMvwi, pwB, MtWPV, OufKII, klYB, qsD, JeK, hUDTQ, XTMxyD, MNUmU, HZMa, rRwLGc, ZbXy, ibn, pFudYM, gWPX, CQRK, Ngil, YDxIlj, zaD, eEM, ctFCtv, AmcF, UZuIqJ, LaEngW, PjxV, PaaLwe, sLI, ZJCw, geA, KEwquY, lmLpkc, ZgF, BPDX, Fqo, GInvI, tOqpTb, rOpWsa, BewYdN, jAkLKW, RBtw, LFfQGn, gpSrVW, QwaWGF, nCH, LkoiZ, HmjGW, WlARnH, fQP, yuu, phDwXg, vRTCFR, QlFKW, uvmcRR, hbS, JGN, gvQN, ghWQ, aSdQH, Wyn, kaeJYQ, CxqONr, aGK, iTuS, UrP, PoNLo, AafO, hcX, WbMgX, UKIYF, jgV,