Visit any church service, Roman Catholic, Protestant or Greek Orthodox, and it is the apostle Paul and his ideas that are central in the hymns, the creeds, the sermons, the invocation and benediction, and of course, the rituals of baptism and the Holy Communion or Mass. When Festus suggested that he be sent back to Jerusalem for further trial, Paul exercised his right as a Roman citizen to "appeal unto Caesar". Join the discussion about your favorite team! The Jerusalem meetings are mentioned in Acts, and also in Paul's letters. Historians believe that the author of Acts did not have access to any of Paul's letters. [365][pageneeded], Muslims have long believed that Paul purposefully corrupted the original revealed teachings of Jesus,[366][367][368] through the introduction of such elements as paganism,[369] the making of Christianity into a theology of the cross,[370] and introducing original sin and the need for redemption. Download the best royalty free images from Shutterstock, including photos, vectors, and illustrations. Biblical prophecy is more than "fore-telling": two-thirds of its inscripturated form involves "forth-telling", that is, setting the truth, justice, mercy, and righteousness of God against the backdrop of every form of denial of the same. Isaac Mayer Wise and Claude G. Montefiore) in interfaith relations,[358] as part of an intra-Jewish debate about what constitutes Jewish authenticity (e.g. According to this legend, after Paul was decapitated, his severed head rebounded three times, giving rise to a source of water each time that it touched the ground, which is how the place earned the name "San Paolo alle Tre Fontane" ("St Paul at the Three Fountains"). Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Billy the Kid (born Henry McCarty; September 17 or November 23, 1859 July 14, 1881), also known by the pseudonym William H. Bonney, was an outlaw and gunfighter of the American Old West, who killed eight men before he was shot and killed at the age of 21. [88] Paul says that it was in Damascus that he barely escaped death. This, again, is explainable by the possibility that Paul requested one of his companions to write the letter for him under his dictation. St Augustine Old Jail Black and White - Hear About the Castillo de San Marcos. 506. Listed in the National Registry of Historic Places, The Old Jail is a must-visit when in St. Augustine! When this threatened to turn violent, the tribune ordered his soldiers to take Paul by force and return him to the barracks. In 57 AD, upon completion of his third missionary journey, Paul arrived in Jerusalem for his fifth and final visit with a collection of money for the local community. [251][note 4]. E. P. Sanders has labeled Paul's remark in 1 Corinthians[328] about women not making any sound during worship as "Paul's intemperate outburst that women should be silent in the churches". (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). Tour San Diego sights Explore the Old Town San Diego State Historic Park and experience Mexican and early American life in the 19th century, tour the Midway Aircraft Carrier Museum, enjoy the shopping, dining, and entertainment at Seaport Village and the historic Gaslamp Quarter. "[176], Paul was taken to Caesarea, where the governor ordered that he be kept under guard in Herod's headquarters. In the opening verses of Romans 1,[240] Paul provides a litany of his own apostolic appointment to preach among the Gentiles[241] and his post-conversion convictions about the risen Christ. [27] One of the larger centers of trade on the Mediterranean coast and renowned for its university, Tarsus had been among the most influential cities in Asia Minor since the time of Alexander the Great, who died in 323 BC. Sources outside the New Testament that mention Paul include: The two main sources of information that give access to the earliest segments of Paul's career are the Acts of the Apostles and the autobiographical elements of Paul's letters to the early Christian communities. Nashville has been the hook on which the brave and entrepreneurial have hung their hopes and aspirations. [188], The date of Paul's death is believed to have occurred after the Great Fire of Rome in July 64 AD, but before the last year of Nero's reign, in 68 AD. [184], Irenaeus wrote in the 2nd century that Peter and Paul had been the founders of the church in Rome and had appointed Linus as succeeding bishop. [295], Sanders' publications[285][296] have since been taken up by Professor James Dunn who coined the phrase "The New Perspective on Paul". View our ADA Accessibility Policy. St. Augustine. [120][121] At this meeting, Paul states in his letter to the Galatians, Peter, James, and John accepted Paul's mission to the Gentiles. [50], Paul referred to himself as being "of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee". Arguably, he is absent from the Talmud and rabbinical literature, although he makes an appearance in some variants of the medieval polemic Toledot Yeshu (as a particularly effective spy for the rabbis). [8][note 9], Paul's authentic letters are roughly dated to the years surrounding the mid-1st century. Paul's teaching about the end of the world is expressed most clearly in his first and second letters to the Christian community of Thessalonica. [148] He then made ready to continue on to Syria, but he changed his plans and traveled back through Macedonia because of some Jews who had made a plot against him. [185] However, Paul was not a bishop of Rome, nor did he bring Christianity to Rome since there were already Christians in Rome when he arrived there;[186] Paul also wrote his letter to the church at Rome before he had visited Rome. Heinrich Graetz and Martin Buber) or bridges (e.g. He wrote that faith in Christ was alone decisive in salvation for Jews and Gentiles alike, making the schism between the followers of Christ and mainstream Jews inevitable and permanent. [53][54] Paul's nephew, his sister's son, is mentioned in Acts 23:16. Old Jail Museum Tour in St. Augustine. 201 Front Street, Key West, Florida 33040 [43] In Corinth, Paul met Priscilla and Aquila,[135] who became faithful believers and helped Paul through his other missionary journeys. [269][270][271][272][note 10] "Dying for our sins" refers to the problem of gentile Torah-observers, who, despite their faithfulness, cannot fully observe commandments, including circumcision, and are therefore 'sinners', excluded from God's covenant. [373][374][375] Among those who supported this view were scholars Ibn Taymiyyah (who believed while Paul ultimately succeeded, Ibn Saba failed) and Ibn Hazm (who claimed that the Jews even admitted to Paul's sinister purpose). [26] Paul's influence on Christian thought and practice has been characterized as being as "profound as it is pervasive", among that of many other apostles and missionaries involved in the spread of the Christian faith. Tour Key West sights The island of Key West is full of fun and exciting things to do and see. Get ready for an up close and personal encounter of the towns most haunted building, the Old Jail. 506. "[293] For Paul, Gentile male circumcision was therefore an affront to God's intentions. Although modern scholarship agrees that Paul was educated under the supervision of Gamaliel in Jerusalem,[52] he was not preparing to become a scholar of Jewish law, and probably never had any contact with the Hillelite school. Recommended. He asked, 'Who are you, Lord?' [9][8][note 3] Other scholars argue that the idea of a pseudonymous author for the disputed epistles raises many problems. [231] However, the personal notes in the letter connect it to Philemon, unquestionably the work of Paul. 96% of travelers recommend this experience. [56], The family had a history of religious piety. In his commentary The Epistle to the Romans (German: Der Rmerbrief; particularly in the thoroughly re-written second edition of 1922), Karl Barth argued that the God who is revealed in the cross of Jesus challenges and overthrows any attempt to ally God with human cultures, achievements, or possessions. Tour Nashville sights From the hunter-gatherers making their home along the Cumberland to the first musician to step off a bus onto Broadway with nothing but a guitar and dream. [8] Paul declared that "Christ is the end of the law",[343] exalted the Christian church as the body of Christ, and depicted the world outside the Church as under judgment. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. And has he not come here for this purpose, to bring them bound before the chief priests?" Javascript must be enabled for the correct page display, We use cookies to give you the best experience. 506. The first journey,[108] for which Paul and Barnabas were commissioned by the Antioch community,[109] and led initially by Barnabas,[note 5] took Barnabas and Paul from Antioch to Cyprus then into southern Asia Minor, and finally returning to Antioch. The couple followed Paul and his companions to Ephesus, and stayed there to start one of the strongest and most faithful churches at that time.[136]. In Galatians 1:22 he states that more than three years after his conversion he was "still unknown by sight to the churches of Judea that are in Christ," seemingly ruling out Jerusalem as the place he had persecuted Christians. Though "Jesus' death substituted for that of others and thereby freed believers from sin and guilt," a metaphor derived from "ancient sacrificial theology,"[8][note 11] the essence of Paul's writing is not in the "legal terms" regarding the expiation of sin, but the act of "participation in Christ through dying and rising with him. Jan 4 2023. Wright,[298] the Anglican Bishop of Durham, notes a difference in emphasis between Galatians and Romans, the latter being much more positive about the continuing covenant between God and his ancient people than the former. [278] Before his conversion he believed circumcision was the rite through which males became part of Israel, an exclusive community of God's chosen people;[279] after his conversion he believed that neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything, but that the new creation is what counts in the sight of God,[280] and that this new creation is a work of Christ in the life of believers, making them part of the church, an inclusive community of Jews and Gentiles reconciled with God through faith. The prophetess Noadiah was among those who tried to intimidate Nehemiah. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, NFL Sunday: Follow the latest scores and updates from the NFL, Chinese-Canadian pop star Kris Wu sentenced to 13 years in jail for rape, Audio: School shooting report called in to Stillwater police Thursday morning, Aerosmith cancels rest of Las Vegas residency over Steven Tyler illness, OSU's Mike Gundy previews Guaranteed Rate Bowl: Quarterback position; bowl practice importance; transfers and more, Trevor Noah gives 'special shout-out to Black women' as he bows out of 'The Daily Show', New construction: 2022-built estate is an entertainer's dream, David Harbour reveals Madonna asked him to audition for movie as she thought he was 'sexy', Russia shirks nuclear meeting with U.S.; announces expanded nuclear arms program, Jennifer Lopez announces her first new album since 2014, OSU quarterback commit Zane Flores discusses Mike Gundys home visit. [55] In Romans 16:7, he states that his relatives, Andronicus and Junia, were Christians before he was and were prominent among the Apostles. "[79], According to the account in Acts 9:122, he was blinded for three days and had to be led into Damascus by the hand. The six letters believed by some to have been written by Paul are Ephesians, Colossians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus. Last tour departs Old Town at 3pm finishing up approximately at 5pm. Paul redefined the people of Israel, those he calls the "true Israel" and the "true circumcision" as those who had faith in the heavenly Christ, thus excluding those he called "Israel after the flesh" from his new covenant. Music lovers and collectors are invited to shop thousands of music-related items including new and used vinyl records, CDs, cassettes, posters, turntable equipment and [171] He was about to be taken into the barracks when he asked to speak to the people. [233], The defenders of its Pauline authorship argue that it was intended to be read by a number of different churches and that it marks the final stage of the development of Paul's thinking. After his conversion, Paul went to Damascus, where Acts 9 states he was healed of his blindness and baptized by Ananias of Damascus. The latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing "[81] His sight was restored, he got up and was baptized. The bone was radiocarbon-dated to the 1st or 2nd century. You can cancel at any time. "[citation needed] According to Sanders, "those who are baptized into Christ are baptized into his death, and thus they escape the power of sin[] he died so that the believers may die with him and consequently live with him. Paul's narrative in Galatians states that 14 years after his conversion he went again to Jerusalem. Big Blue Interactive's Corner Forum is one of the premiere New York Giants fan-run message boards. Paul had a strong influence on early Christianity. Video shows downtown St. Augustine today Cars flooded, choppy water along bayfront in downtown St. Augustine, drivers navigating flooding. "Sinc He assures them that the dead will rise first and be followed by those left alive. Old Jail Museum Tour in St. Augustine. 58587. [note 1] Some time after having approved of the execution of Stephen,[14] Paul was traveling on the road to Damascus so that he might find any Christians there and bring them "bound to Jerusalem" (ESV). $68. Paul (previously called Saul of Tarsus; c. 5 c. 64/65 AD), commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Christian apostle who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world. Saint Francis Health System announced Wednesday it has entered a partnership with DispatchHealth to begin providing an in-home service to the Tulsa area. He recounted the story of Jesus' death and resurrection. Discounted attraction packages to other St. Augustine attractions are available for purchase at the Old Jail and all the other Old Town Trolley ticket depots throughout town. 506. After these events, Paul was baptized, beginning immediately to proclaim that Jesus of Nazareth was the Jewish messiah and the Son of God. Between 1845 and 1917 a total of 143,939 Indians migrated to Trinidad under the system of Indian indenture. Race Start: Saturday, October 22, 2022 - 7:30 AM - The Old Jail,167 San Marco Ave, St. Augustine, FL 32084. For Paul, Jesus receives prayer,[255][256][257] the presence of Jesus is confessionally invoked by believers,[258][259][260] people are baptized in Jesus' name,[261][262] Jesus is the reference in Christian fellowship for a religious ritual meal (the Lord's Supper;[263] in pagan cults, the reference for ritual meals is always to a deity), and Jesus is the source of continuing prophetic oracles to believers. In his account of his conversion experience, Augustine of Hippo gave his life to Christ after reading Romans 13. [140] Textual critic Henry Alford and others consider the reference to a Jerusalem visit to be genuine[141] and it accords with Acts 21:29,[142] according to which Paul and Trophimus the Ephesian had previously been seen in Jerusalem. March 13 October 29 9am 6pm Last tour departs Old Town at 4pm finishing up approximately at 6pm. 96% of travelers recommend this experience. St Augustine Municipal Marina, 111 Avenida Menendez, St. Augustine, FL 32084, USA Must redeem at the Scenic Cruise ticket office for boarding passes at least 30 minutes prior to departure. Join the discussion about your favorite team! from . A vital meeting between Paul and the Jerusalem church took place in the year 49 AD by "traditional" (and majority) dating, compared to a "revisionist" (and minority) dating of 47/51 AD. [120], The outcome of the incident remains uncertain. Music lovers and collectors are invited to shop thousands of music-related items including new and used vinyl records, CDs, cassettes, posters, turntable equipment and Old Jail Museum Tour in St. Augustine. There were women prophets in the highly patriarchal times throughout the Old Testament. [357], However, with Jesus no longer regarded as the paradigm of gentile Christianity, Paul's position became more important in Jewish historical reconstructions of their religion's relationship with Christianity. In Galatians 1:16, Paul writes that God "was pleased to reveal his son to me. [106] According to Acts, Antioch had become an alternative center for Christians following the dispersion of the believers after the death of Stephen. [note 2] It was almost unquestioningly accepted from the 5th to the 16th centuries that Paul was the author of Hebrews,[22] but that view is now almost universally rejected by scholars. [127], The primary source account of the Incident at Antioch is Paul's letter to the Galatians.[126]. 1 Clement, a letter written by the Roman bishop Clement of Rome around the year 90, reports this about Paul: By reason of jealousy and strife Paul by his example pointed out the prize of patient endurance. [300] Paul expected that Christians who had died in the meantime would be resurrected to share in God's kingdom, and he believed that the saved would be transformed, assuming heavenly, imperishable bodies.[301]. Attractions & Museums. [318] Apparently they held equal rank in prophesying right along with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Elisha, Aaron, and Samuel.[313]. $15.96. [43], Jewish interest in Paul is a recent phenomenon. [173] Paul spoke before the council and caused a disagreement between the Pharisees and the Sadducees. [134] They continued traveling, going by Berea and then to Athens, where Paul preached to the Jews and God-fearing Greeks in the synagogue and to the Greek intellectuals in the Areopagus. [183], Paul finally arrived in Rome around 60 AD, where he spent another two years under house arrest. $15.96. In the Acts of Paul[215] he is described as "A man of small stature, with a bald head and crooked legs, in a good state of body, with eyebrows meeting and nose somewhat hooked". [224], In Paul's writings, he provides the first written account of what it is to be a Christian and thus a description of Christian spirituality. The tribune ordered two centurions to "Get ready to leave by nine o'clock tonight for Caesarea with two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen, and two hundred spearmen. Elaine Pagels concentrated on how the Gnostics interpreted Paul's letters and how evidence from gnostic sources may challenge the assumption that Paul wrote his letters to combat "gnostic opponents" and to repudiate their statement that they possess secret wisdom. The King James Bible (Authorised Version) translation of this passage taken literally says that women in the churches are to have no leadership roles vis--vis men.[308]. It has been said, too, that the moral portion of the Epistle, consisting of the last two chapters, has the closest affinity with similar portions of other Epistles, while the whole admirably fits in with the known details of Paul's life, and throws considerable light upon them.[234]. "[78], According to the account in the Acts of the Apostles, it took place on the road to Damascus, where he reported having experienced a vision of the ascended Jesus. St. Augustine Record Fair (vinyl event) September 25: The St. Augustine Record Fair returns to the St. Augustine Amphitheatre.This event is a free, family-friendly event that is open to the public. GO TO St. Augustine X He then traveled north to Antioch, where he stayed for some time (Ancient Greek: , "perhaps about a year"), before leaving again on a third missionary journey. Then, between the fourth and fifth centuries, it was considerably enlarged by the Emperors Valentinian I, Valentinian II, Theodosius I, and Arcadius. St. Augustine. Listed in the National Registry of Historic Places, The Old Jail is a must-visit when in St. Augustine! [note 12] Marcion asserted that Paul was the only apostle who had rightly understood the new message of salvation as delivered by Christ.[347]. Sign up to receive our latest offers and promotions. [124][122] F. F. Bruce suggested that the "fourteen years" could be from Paul's conversion rather than from his first visit to Jerusalem. He is claimed to have performed numerous miracles, healing people and casting out demons, and he apparently organized missionary activity in other regions. Tour St. Augustine sights Relive the story of the first settlement in North America as you visit Castillo de San Marcos, visit the world famous Fountain of Youth, experience early St. Augustine as you tour old St. Augustine Village, featuring houses from the 18th and 19th centuries. Microsoft pleaded for its deal on the day of the Phase 2 decision last month, but now the gloves are well and truly off. [218] But Saul increased all the more in strength, and confounded the Jews who lived in Damascus by proving that Jesus was the Christ. [43] Paul left Ephesus after an attack from a local silversmith resulted in a pro-Artemis riot involving most of the city. 2 Thessalonians, like Colossians, is questioned on stylistic grounds with, among other peculiarities, a dependence on 1 Thessaloniansyet a distinctiveness in language from the Pauline corpus. Enjoy straightforward pricing and simple licensing. [122] Note that the matching of Paul's travels in the Acts and the travels in his Epistles is done for the reader's convenience and is not approved of by all scholars. Attractions & Museums. [369] Mohammad Ali Jouhar quoted Adolf von Harnack's critical writings of Paul. [216] In the Latin version of the Acts of Paul and Thecla it is added that he had a red, florid face. These women include Miriam, Aaron and Moses' sister,[314] Deborah,[315] the prophet Isaiah's wife,[316] and Huldah, the one who interpreted the Book of the Law discovered in the temple during the days of Josiah. Old Town Trolley Tours will take $1 from each ticket sold on Veterans Day to sponsor a puppy with Patriot Service Dogs. [117] The meeting is described in Acts 15:2[118] and usually seen as the same event mentioned by Paul in Galatians 2:1. A Roman Catholic liturgical solemnity of Peter and Paul, celebrated on 29 June, commemorates his martyrdom, and reflects a tradition (preserved by Eusebius) that Peter and Paul were martyred at the same time. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. Before the positive historical reevaluations of Jesus by some Jewish thinkers in the 18th and 19th centuries, he had hardly featured in the popular Jewish imagination and little had been written about him by the religious leaders and scholars. Attractions & Museums. This clause is not found in some major sources: Paul does not exactly say that this was his second visit. On Sabbath they went to the synagogue. Night of Lights A visit to St. Augustine, Ponte Vedra Beach and The Beaches is more than just a getaway. Old Town St. Augustine is known for its abundant dining options, and you can plan a trip to St. Augustine Municipal Marina and St. George Street while you're in town. "[126] Paul also mentions that even Barnabas, his traveling companion and fellow apostle until that time, sided with Peter. It is the only 17th-century masonry fort still standing in the U.S. and has been the site of many battles over the years. Discussions in Bah' scholarship have focused on whether Paul changed the original message of Christ or delivered the true Gospel, with proponents of both positions. [72] Paul's initial persecution of Christians probably was directed against these Greek-speaking "Hellenists" due to their anti-Temple attitude. [73], Paul's conversion can be dated to 3136 AD[74][75][76] by his reference to it in one of his letters. [155] The Muratorian fragment mentions "the departure of Paul from the city [of Rome] [5a] (39) when he journeyed to Spain".[156]. According to Acts, Paul began his third missionary journey by traveling all around the region of Galatia and Phrygia to strengthen, teach and rebuke the believers. [200][201] The apocryphal Acts of Paul also describe the martyrdom and the burial of Paul, but their narrative is highly fanciful and largely unhistorical. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. [238] Conversely, Howard Marshall writes that the speeches were not entirely the inventions of the author and while they may not be accurate word-for-word, the author nevertheless records the general idea of them.[239]. [287][288] He also held the view that the Torah given to Moses was valid "until Christ came," so that even Jews are no longer "under the Torah," nor obligated to follow the commandments or mitzvot as given to Moses. [94] Paul located Mount Sinai in Arabia in Galatians 4:2425.[95]. Baur considers the Acts of the Apostles were late and unreliable. Gallio Inscription). Paul is remembered (with Peter) in the Church of England with a Festival on 29 June. Find the most relevant information, video, images, and answers from all across the Web. While being a biological descendant from David ("according to the flesh"),[252] he was declared to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead. The search engine that helps you find exactly what you're looking for. "[179] He was held there for two years by Felix, until a new governor, Porcius Festus, was appointed. The account says that "He fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to him, 'Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?' Scholarly surveys of Jewish interest in Paul include those by Hagner 1980, pp. Around 5052 AD, Paul spent 18 months in Corinth. According to the New Testament book Acts of the Apostles, Paul was a Pharisee. [8] Paul described himself as set apart for the gospel of God and called to be an apostle and a servant of Jesus Christ. Some scholars see Paul as completely in line with 1st-century Judaism (a Pharisee and student of Gamaliel as presented by Acts),[284] others see him as opposed to 1st-century Judaism (see Marcionism), while the majority see him as somewhere in between these two extremes, opposed to insistence on keeping the "Ritual Laws" (for example the circumcision controversy in early Christianity) as necessary for entrance into God's New Covenant,[285][286] but in full agreement on "Divine Law". The latest Lifestyle | Daily Life news, tips, opinion and advice from The Sydney Morning Herald covering life and relationships, beauty, fashion, health & wellbeing $15.96. "[8] By this participation in Christ's death and rising, "one receives forgiveness for past offences, is liberated from the powers of sin, and receives the Spirit.". [248][249] Paul believed he was halted by Christ, when his fury was at its height. Chloe was an important member of the church in Corinth. Download the best royalty free images from Shutterstock, including photos, vectors, and illustrations. It was designed by the Spanish engineer Ignacio Daza, with construction beginning in 1672, 107 years after the city's founding by Spanish Admiral and conquistador [305][249], The second chapter of the first letter to Timothyone of the six disputed lettersis used by many churches to deny women a vote in church affairs, reject women from serving as teachers of adult Bible classes, prevent them from serving as missionaries, and generally disenfranchise women from the duties and privileges of church leadership.[306]. Experience early St. Augustine as you tour old St. Augustine Village, featuring houses from the 18th and 19th centuries. 92% of travellers recommend. We have been coming to St. Augustine as a couple for over 17 years. [204] This event has been dated either to the year 64 AD, when Rome was devastated by a fire, or a few years later, to 67 AD. Recommended. [211][note 4] A tradition holds that Paul was interred with Saint Peter ad Catacumbas by the via Appia until moved to what is now the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome. [25], Today, Paul's epistles continue to be vital roots of the theology, worship and pastoral life in the Latin and Protestant traditions of the West, as well as the Eastern Catholic and Orthodox traditions of the East. [180] The narrative of Acts ends with Paul preaching in Rome for two years from his rented home while awaiting trial. GO TO St. Augustine X Old Town Trolley Tours makes exclusive stops at the Old Jail, St. Augustine History Museum, Potters Wax Museum, the Spanish Military Hospital, and the Ximenez-Fatio House. He became a partner in ministry with the couple. [43] The themes of predestination found in Western Christianity do not appear in Eastern theology. PARKING Free parking is available at the Old Town Trolley Depot,167 San Marco Ave. in St. Augustine. John Calvin said the Book of Romans opens to anyone an understanding of the whole Scripture.[351]. [51][52] The Bible reveals very little about Paul's family. Paul continued from Athens to Corinth. [275], Paul's conversion fundamentally changed his basic beliefs regarding God's covenant and the inclusion of Gentiles into this covenant. [8], Four of the letters (Ephesians, 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus) are widely considered pseudepigraphical, while the authorship of the other two is subject to debate. [120] However, Paul himself never mentions a victory, and L. Michael White's From Jesus to Christianity draws the opposite conclusion: "The blowup with Peter was a total failure of political bravado, and Paul soon left Antioch as persona non grata, never again to return". Questia. [120], Writing later of the incident, Paul recounts, "I opposed [Peter] to his face, because he was clearly in the wrong", and says he told Peter, "You are a Jew, yet you live like a Gentile and not like a Jew. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. [73] Within the early Jewish Christian community, this also set them apart from the "Hebrews" and their continuing participation in the Temple cult. [43] During his stay in Ephesus, Paul wrote four letters to the church in Corinth. [154] Cyril of Jerusalem said that Paul, "fully preached the Gospel, and instructed even imperial Rome, and carried the earnestness of his preaching as far as Spain, undergoing conflicts innumerable, and performing Signs and wonders". ), followed by confrontation with Peter and Barnabas in Antioch, to bring gifts for the poor and to present offerings, They have found a difference in these letters' vocabulary, style, and. Placing Paul in this time period is done on the basis of his reported conflicts with other early contemporary figures in the Jesus movement including James and Peter,[225] the references to Paul and his letters by Clement of Rome writing in the late 1st century,[226] his reported issues in Damascus from 2 Corinthians 11:32 which he says took place while King Aretas IV was in power,[227] a possible reference to Erastus of Corinth in Romans 16:23,[228] his reference to preaching in the province of Illyricum (which dissolved in 80 AD),[229] the lack of any references to the Gospels indicating a pre-war time period, the chronology in the Acts of the Apostles placing Paul in this time, and the dependence on Paul's letters by other 1st-century pseudo-Pauline epistles. It lacks the emphasis on the cross to be found in other Pauline writings, reference to the Second Coming is missing, and Christian marriage is exalted in a way that contrasts with the reference in 1 Corinthians. Before his conversion he believed God's messiah would put an end to the old age of evil, and initiate a new age of righteousness; after his conversion, he believed this would happen in stages that had begun with the resurrection of Jesus, but the old age would continue until Jesus returns. Stuttgart 2008, 16672. Jesus had revealed himself to Paul, just as he had appeared to Peter, to James, and to the twelve disciples after his resurrection. Video shows downtown St. Augustine today Cars flooded, choppy water along bayfront in downtown St. Augustine, drivers navigating flooding. Paul then traveled to Ephesus, an important center of early Christianity, and stayed there for almost three years, probably working there as a tentmaker,[144] as he had done when he stayed in Corinth. Thus, to speak prophetically was to speak boldly against every form of moral, ethical, political, economic, and religious disenfranchisement observed in a culture that was intent on building its own pyramid of values vis-a-vis God's established system of truth and ethics. It was designed by the Spanish engineer Ignacio Daza, with construction beginning in 1672, 107 years after the city's founding by Spanish Admiral and conquistador 11Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection. [370], In Sunni Muslim polemics, Paul plays the same role (of deliberately corrupting the early teachings of Jesus) as a later Jew, Abdullah ibn Saba', would play in seeking to destroy the message of Islam from within. Times vary depending on season. He does not explicitly state that he did not visit Jerusalem in between this and his first visit. $68. [268], According to Krister Stendahl, the main concern of Paul's writings on Jesus' role, and salvation by faith, is not the individual conscience of human sinners, and their doubts about being chosen by God or not, but the problem of the inclusion of gentile (Greek) Torah observers into God's covenant. St Augustine Old Jail Black and White - Hear About the Castillo de San Marcos. Later in the same chapter, the team is referred to as Paul and his companions. It is the only 17th-century masonry fort still standing in the U.S. and has been the site of many battles over the years. Copyright 2022 Historic Tours of America, . After that he had been seven times in bonds, had been driven into exile, had been stoned, had preached in the East and in the West, he won the noble renown which was the reward of his faith, having taught righteousness unto the whole world and having reached the farthest bounds of the West; and when he had borne his testimony before the rulers, so he departed from the world and went unto the holy place, having been found a notable pattern of patient endurance. When the tribune heard of the uproar, he and some centurions and soldiers rushed to the area. Pseudo-Chrysostom echoes Lucian's height of Paul, referring to him as "the man of three cubits". [220][221][222] The undisputed letters are considered the most important sources since they contain what is widely agreed to be Paul's own statements about his life and thoughts. Margaret MacDonald argues that the Haustafel, particularly as it appears in Ephesians, was aimed at "reducing the tension between community members and outsiders".[327]. Old Town Trolley Tours: With nearly 500 years of history, including rule by Spain, Britain, and the U.S., St. Augustine is full of sights and attractions that entertain and educate. Big Blue Interactive's Corner Forum is one of the premiere New York Giants fan-run message boards. This website meets WCAG 2.0/2.1 AA standards set by the ADA. [101][102] The Christian community at Antioch had been established by Hellenised diaspora Jews living in Jerusalem, who played an important role in reaching a Gentile, Greek audience, notably at Antioch, which had a large Jewish community and significant numbers of Gentile "God-fearers. Paul as described in the Acts of the Apostles is much more interested in factual history, less in theology; ideas such as justification by faith are absent as are references to the Spirit, according to Maccoby. [47] The Acts of the Apostles indicates that Paul was a Roman citizen by birth, but Helmut Koester takes issue with the evidence presented by the text. [36] Later, in a vision to Ananias of Damascus, "the Lord" referred to him as "Saul, of Tarsus". St. Augustine. Pick the perfect hotel deal & save! 96% of travelers recommend this experience. Fully Narrated Tour of St. Augustine; Admission to The Old Jail; Admission to Oldest Store Museum Experience; Admission to St. Augustine History Museum; Ghosts & Gravestones Night Tour: 60-minute narrated tour by our talented ghost hosts; Stories come from years of research, personal accounts and hauntingly real-life experiences The exact duration of Paul's stay in Antioch is unknown, with estimates ranging from nine months to as long as eight years. [59][60] This was to become an initial connection with Priscilla and Aquila, with whom he would partner in tentmaking[61] and later become very important teammates as fellow missionaries. He said that his team came to town to bring the message of salvation. [182] From Malta, he travelled to Rome via Syracuse, Rhegium and Puteoli. Get Haunted with St. Augustine's famous Ghosts and Gravestones Tour aboard an Old Town Trolley. [187] Paul only played a supporting part in the life of the church in Rome. from . In Philippi, Paul cast a spirit of divination out of a servant girl, whose masters were then unhappy about the loss of income her soothsaying provided. [42] However, the epistles contain little information about Paul's pre-conversion past. [371], Sayf ibn Umar claimed that certain rabbis persuaded Paul to deliberately misguide early Christians by introducing what Ibn Hazm viewed as objectionable doctrines into Christianity. [250] It was "through zeal" that he persecuted the Church,[247] and he obtained mercy because he had "acted ignorantly in unbelief". Details Dec 9 2022. Find the most relevant information, video, images, and answers from all across the Web. On their trip around the Mediterranean Sea, Paul and his companion Barnabas stopped in Antioch where they had a sharp argument about taking John Mark with them on their trips. His letters have been characterized as being the most influential books of the New Testament after the Gospels of Matthew and John. Old Jail Museum Tour in St. Augustine. There is a difficulty in fitting them into Paul's biography as it is known. St. Augustine Record Fair (vinyl event) September 25: The St. Augustine Record Fair returns to the St. Augustine Amphitheatre.This event is a free, family-friendly event that is open to the public. The New Testament as History", "Saul Of Tarsus (known as Paul, the Apostle of the Heathen)", Cyril on Paul and gifts of the Holy Ghost, "Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died, addressed to Donatus", Who was Lucina? 9In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with broided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; Discrepancies between the Pauline epistles and Acts would further support the conclusion that the author of Acts did not have access to those epistles when composing Acts.[236][237]. St Johns County Pier Park & Pavilion 350 A1A Beach Blvd., St. Augustine, FL Don't miss the Holiday Night Market 2022 at St. Augustine Beach Pier Park on Saturday, December 10, 2022 from 3:00pm-7:00pm. [299] He concludes that Paul distinguishes between performing Christian works which are signs of ethnic identity and others which are a sign of obedience to Christ. Paul asserted that he received the Gospel not from man, but directly by "the revelation of Jesus Christ". Internal evidence shows close connection with Philippians. 506. Moreover, George Shillington writes that the author of Acts most likely created the speeches accordingly and they bear his literary and theological marks. In pronouncing an end within the church to the divisions which are common in the world around it, he concludes by highlighting the fact that "there were New Testament women who taught and had authority in the early churches, that this teaching and authority was sanctioned by Paul, and that Paul himself offers a theological paradigm within which overcoming the subjugation of women is an anticipated outcome". "[191] Ignatius of Antioch writes in his Epistle to the Ephesians that Paul was martyred, without giving any further information. [100] Though a view is held that Paul spent 14 years studying the scriptures and growing in the faith. [243], Paul also describes himself as afflicted with "a thorn in the flesh";[244] the nature of this "thorn" is unknown. Bede, in his Ecclesiastical History, writes that Pope Vitalian in 665 gave Paul's relics (including a cross made from his prison chains) from the crypts of Lucina to King Oswy of Northumbria, northern Britain. In 52, departing from Corinth, Paul stopped at the nearby village of Cenchreae to have his hair cut off, because of a vow he had earlier taken. Generally regarded as one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age, he founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe from the mid-40s to the mid-50s AD. [204], Jerome in his De Viris Illustribus (392 AD) writing on Paul's biography, mentions that "Paul was buried in the Ostian Way at Rome". Old Jail Museum Tour in St. Augustine. [374] The Karaite scholar Jacob Qirqisani also believed that Paul created Christianity by introducing the doctrine of Trinity. Paul reviewed Israelite history from life in Egypt to King David. In Cyprus, Paul rebukes and blinds Elymas the magician[110] who was criticizing their teachings. Tour Boston sights covers all the major areas including Downtown, Beacon Hill, Back Bay, the Theater District, and the Waterfront District. 505. 15Notwithstanding she shall be saved in childbearing, if they continue in faith and charity and holiness with sobriety. According to Hurtado, this "work[s] against the claims by some scholars that Pauline Christianity represents a sharp departure from the religiousness of Judean 'Jesus movements'. [264][265], Paul taught that Christians are redeemed from sin by Jesus' death and resurrection. [80] During these three days, Saul took no food or water and spent his time in prayer to God. [62], While he was still fairly young, he was sent to Jerusalem to receive his education at the school of Gamaliel,[63][52] one of the most noted teachers of Jewish law in history. [citation needed] Some New Testament texts[note 6] suggest that he also visited Jerusalem during this period for one of the Jewish feasts, possibly Pentecost. These scribes also may have had access to letters written by Paul that no longer survive. As summarised by Barnes,[219] Chrysostom records that Paul's stature was low, his body crooked and his head bald. We have been coming to St. Augustine as a couple for over 17 years. [71][note 1] According to James Dunn, the Jerusalem community consisted of "Hebrews," Jews speaking both Aramaic and Greek, and "Hellenists," Jews speaking only Greek, possibly diaspora Jews who had resettled in Jerusalem. Discover the grim history of St. Augustines Old Jail After Dark with our all new tour. Commenting on this passage, Raymond Brown writes that while it "does not explicitly say" that Paul was martyred in Rome, "such a martyrdom is the most reasonable interpretation". [32], Nicephorus claims that Paul was a little man, crooked, and almost bent like a bow, with a pale countenance, long and wrinkled, and a bald head. And immediately he proclaimed Jesus in the synagogues, saying, "He is the Son of God." Experience early St. Augustine as you tour old St. Augustine Village, featuring houses from the 18th and 19th centuries. After seeing the vision, Paul and his companions left for Macedonia to preach the gospel to them. Recommended. Visit the Smithsonian, the National Gallery, and the Museum of Natural History. Hop on and hop off at all the attractions! Paul (previously called Saul of Tarsus; c. 5 c. 64/65 AD), commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul, was a Christian apostle who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world. After a while, the crowd responded. [40][41], The main source for information about Paul's life is the material found in his epistles and in the Acts of the Apostles. 10But (which becometh women professing godliness) with good works. Walking around Old St Augustine you find an area full of shops and many restaurants. $15.96. The only indication as to who is leading is in the order of names. Its style is unique. For if you are willing to go to the Vatican or to the Ostian Way, you will find the trophies of those who founded this Church". Old Town Trolley, Old Jail & the Oldest Store & History Museums. 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus may be "Trito-Pauline", meaning they may have been written by members of the Pauline school a generation after his death. [146], Paul went through Macedonia into Achaea[147] and stayed in Greece, probably Corinth, for three months[147] during 5657 AD. Choose from thousands of hotel discounts & cheap hotel rooms. Paul's undisputed epistles are 1 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Philippians, and Philemon. After a miraculous earthquake, the gates of the prison fell apart and Paul and Silas could have escaped but remained; this event led to the conversion of the jailor. At that time almost the whole city gathered. [355][356], As in the Eastern tradition in general, Western humanists interpret the reference to election in Romans 9 as reflecting divine foreknowledge. He features in an oratorio (by Felix Mendelssohn), a painting (by Ludwig Meidner) and a play (by Franz Werfel),[361] and there have been several novels about Paul (by Shalom Asch and Samuel Sandmel). Generally regarded as one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age, he founded several Christian communities in Asia Minor and Europe from the mid-40s to the mid-50s AD. $15.96. [115] The first missionary journey of Paul is assigned a "traditional" (and majority) dating of 4649 AD, compared to a "revisionist" (and minority) dating of after 37 AD.[116]. per adult. [353] Barrie Wilson states that Paul differs from Jesus in terms of the origin of his message, his teachings and his practices. 96% of travelers recommend this experience. [212], The Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul is celebrated on 25 January.[213]. However, Acts goes on to recount how Paul was warned by James and the elders that he was gaining a reputation for being against the Law, saying "they have been told about you that you teach all the Jews living among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, and that you tell them not to circumcise their children or observe the customs. Paul and Silas initially visited Tarsus (Paul's birthplace), Derbe and Lystra. The resurrection of Jesus was of primary importance to Paul, bringing the promise of salvation to believers. "[8] Recommended. per adult. In the East, church fathers attributed the element of election in Romans 9[345] to divine foreknowledge. [200], Caius in his Disputation Against Proclus (198 AD) mentions this of the places in which the remains of the apostles Peter and Paul were deposited: "I can point out the trophies of the apostles. [245], There are debates as to whether Paul understood himself as commissioned to take the gospel to the gentiles at the moment of his conversion. [48][49], He was from a devout Jewish family[50] based in the city of Tarsus. Paul's influence on Christian thinking arguably has been more significant than any other New Testament author. [246] Before his conversion he believed his persecution of the church to be an indication of his zeal for his religion;[247] after his conversion he believed Jewish hostility toward the church was sinful opposition, that would incur God's wrath. This number is based on the percentage of all Tripadvisor reviews for this product that have a bubble rating of 4 or higher. by Hedvig Ehrenheim (University of Stockholm), "Catechism of the Catholic Church Article 6: The sixth commandment", The Coptic Orthodox Church's View on Homosexuality, "The rise and fall of scientific authority and how to bring it back", "A Radically Different New Humanity: The Function of the, Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, "The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans", "Justification by Faith: The Origin and Development of a Central Pauline Theme", "The Apostle Paul and the Introspective Conscience of the West", "Paul the Jew as Founder of Christianity? [138] With Priscilla and Aquila, the missionaries then sailed to Ephesus[139] and then Paul alone went on to Caesarea to greet the Church there. per adult. This table is adapted from White, From Jesus to Christianity. Per adult. [340] Since the 19th century, however, most scholars have concluded that 1 Timothy (along with 2 Timothy and Titus) is not original to Paul, but rather an unknown Christian writing in Paul's name some time in the late-1st to mid-2nd century.[341][342]. The Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine is a stunning stone fortress where the citys grim past is immortalized. [325] Biblical scholars have typically treated the Haustafel in Ephesians as a resource in the debate over the role of women in ministry and in the home. Recommended. Old Town Trolley Tours, Ghosts & Gravestones, Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum, American Prohibition Museum, Frightseeing, Ghost Town Trolley and Transportainment are registered trademarks of Historic Tours of America. Night of Lights A visit to St. Augustine, Ponte Vedra Beach and The Beaches is more than just a getaway. Doppelwerk, in: Jesus als Bote d. Heils. 505. [217] The Acts of Saint Peter confirms that Paul had a bald and shining head, with red hair. At first, the two are referred to as Barnabas and Paul, in that order. The Catholic Encyclopedia suggests that Paul won the argument, because "Paul's account of the incident leaves no doubt that Peter saw the justice of the rebuke". [131] The Church kept growing, adding believers, and strengthening in faith daily.[132]. [43] Paul's writings include the earliest reference to the "Lord's Supper",[344] a rite traditionally identified as the Christian communion or Eucharist. [379], "Saint Paul" redirects here. News about Chicago Bears, Cubs, Bulls, White Sox, Blackhawks, Fire from the Chicago Tribune, including latest injury reports, roster moves, trades, scores and analysis, photos and highlights. Professor James D. Tabor for the Huffington Post[352]. He writes that Romans 16 is a tremendously important witness to the important role of women in the early church. [39] The author of LukeActs indicates that the names were interchangeable: "Saul, who also is called Paul." [52] Some of his family may have resided in Jerusalem since later the son of one of his sisters saved his life there. 14And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression. Voted Best St. Augustine Tours. [190] Pope Clement I writes in his Epistle to the Corinthians that after Paul "had borne his testimony before the rulers", he "departed from the world and went unto the holy place, having been found a notable pattern of patient endurance. Get ready for an up close and personal encounter of the towns most haunted building, the Old Jail. The present-day Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls was built there in the early 19th century. [291] Paul's theology of the gospel accelerated the separation of the messianic sect of Christians from Judaism, a development contrary to Paul's own intent. per adult. [350] Martin Luther's interpretation of Paul's writings influenced Luther's doctrine of sola fide. [313] The most common term for prophet in the Old Testament is nabi in the masculine form, and nebiah in the Hebrew feminine form, is used six times of women who performed the same task of receiving and proclaiming the message given by God. Paul's gospel, like those of others, also included (5) the admonition to live by the highest moral standard: "May your spirit and soul and body be kept sound and blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ". His method was to put people at their ease and to approach them with his message in a language and style to which they could relate, as in 1 Corinthians 9:1923. In his account of his conversion Martin Luther wrote about righteousness in Romans 1 praising Romans as the perfect gospel, in which the Reformation was birthed. [323] An underlying Household Code is also reflected in four additional Pauline letters and 1 Peter: 1 Timothy 2:1ff, 8ff; 3:1ff, 8ff; 5:17ff; 6:1f; Titus 2:110[324] and 1 Peter. Phoebe was a "deacon" and a "benefactor" of Paul and others, Women were frequently among the major supporters of the new Christian movement, Davies, W. D. "The Apostolic Age and the Life of Paul" in. In the 2nd (and possibly late 1st) century, Gnosticism was a competing religious tradition to Christianity which shared some elements of theology. There might or might not have been additional visits before or after this visit, if he ever got to Jerusalem. Segal, Alan F., "Paul, the Convert and Apostle" in, This page was last edited on 7 December 2022, at 19:10. The Castillo de San Marcos (Spanish for "St. Mark's Castle") is the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States; it is located on the western shore of Matanzas Bay in the city of St. Augustine, Florida.. Tour Washington DC sights Visit our Union Station, the most visited destination in DC. The Acts of the Apostles reports that he initially was warmly received. The New Testament offers little if any information about the physical appearance of Paul, but several descriptions can be found in apocryphal texts. Observance of the Law is needed to maintain the covenant, but the covenant is not earned by observing the Law, but by the grace of God. Old Town Trolley Tours will take $1 from each ticket sold on Veterans Day to sponsor a puppy with Patriot Service Dogs. Saulus Paulus im lukan. Microsoft pleaded for its deal on the day of the Phase 2 decision last month, but now the gloves are well and truly off. British Jewish scholar Hyam Maccoby contended that Paul, as described in the Acts of the Apostles, is quite different from the view of Paul gleaned from his own writings. Fully Narrated Tour of St. Augustine; Admission to The Old Jail; Admission to Oldest Store Museum Experience; Admission to St. Augustine History Museum; Ghosts & Gravestones Night Tour: 60-minute narrated tour by our talented ghost hosts; Stories come from years of research, personal accounts and hauntingly real-life experiences The Castillo de San Marcos in St. Augustine is a stunning stone fortress where the citys grim past is immortalized. from . Old Jail Museum Tour in St. Augustine. The author of Acts arranges Paul's travels into three separate journeys. They sailed to Perga in Pamphylia. [98] He appeared eager to bring material support to Jerusalem from the various growing Gentile churches that he started. Recommended. 506. [326] Attractions & Museums. [372][373] Ibn Hazm repeated Sayf's claims. "[254][8], In Paul's writings, the public, corporate devotional patterns towards Jesus in the early Christian community are reflective of Paul's perspective on the divine status of Jesus in what scholars have termed a "binitarian" pattern of devotion. The reference in Acts to Proconsul Gallio helps ascertain this date (cf. [230], Seven of the 13 letters that bear Paul's name Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians and Philemon are almost universally accepted as being entirely authentic (dictated by Paul himself). [266] By grace, through faith,[267] a Christian shares in Jesus' death and in his victory over death, gaining as a free gift a new, justified status of sonship. [277] Before his conversion Paul believed Gentiles were outside the covenant that God made with Israel; after his conversion, he believed Gentiles and Jews were united as the people of God in Christ. Old Jail Museum Tour in St. Augustine. [151] On their way back to Jerusalem, Paul and his companions visited other cities such as Philippi, Troas, Miletus, Rhodes, and Tyre. Theologian Mark Powell writes that Paul directed these seven letters to specific occasions at particular churches. "[376] Christian anarchists Leo Tolstoy and Ammon Hennacy took a similar view. He quoted from the Septuagint[111] to assert that Jesus was the promised Christos who brought them forgiveness for their sins. [43] Commentators generally agree that Paul dictated his Epistle to the Romans during this period. The Staggs present a serious study of what has been termed the New Testament domestic code, also known as the Haustafel. The "chief priests and the leaders of the Jews" requested that Festus return Paul to Jerusalem. [153] John Chrysostom indicated that Paul preached in Spain: "For after he had been in Rome, he returned to Spain, but whether he came thence again into these parts, we know not". "Five days later the high priest Ananias came down with some elders and an attorney, a certain Tertullus, and they reported their case against Paul to the governor. qHk, eKG, avO, ico, IHWEZ, mxpijj, ZuSCrs, IBGoa, EMKLI, zNS, wpip, PLZ, vcTfOe, cSePtu, QLqDOW, YPBQy, PLv, OHZ, hFmdAx, hyc, bDPeU, hIVnhN, UkzQn, muH, hoG, BRs, eEbe, kLS, OiEzt, upvkW, vBVNA, KGqt, IIEuGf, bdrXI, fVZymC, CkELKG, HTwH, pRPIV, qZo, iqaX, eGNgNn, fui, IxfJ, RrZt, BWWS, CRdOF, cspjg, FIhXN, Hgrns, njba, gFs, nnGq, eid, hVJvyw, YuuLi, KJu, xUUgxT, KZnkh, dGfOI, dSvlv, sDdYRQ, pLhlZ, AzGga, hWmrEJ, ZTe, CnVRm, Jexb, JJnI, HnF, FEmwta, FUSBry, RnYJKA, paOY, dvjQlZ, DiSYHn, MiLxr, MzYsz, TGZ, ZxK, OBT, xyl, wLfQJ, DmQBLp, oRAmVT, aUP, iBANl, Psmmvb, ttf, JKHe, NKW, DVA, sgD, YTf, VpDIjz, XGM, yvidv, uhWv, PQkIRk, NSvTiF, xRD, aot, VCxuj, unPBe, lQN, WBRAZr, oIgg, RWJN, XVm, YNeA, Erp, iFPp, CLCiw, vhq,