Our Highly Experienced Team recommends Products or Services after thoroughly researching them to ensure we provide an unbiased, comprehensive solution for your Home or Business. They also reported long-term debt of $300 million and short-term debt of $500 million. Literally, in money terms, how much you sold during a particular period (usually your financial year). In this video, you w. Turnover is an accounting concept that calculates how quickly a business conducts its operations. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Turnover noun The frequency with which stock is replaced after being used or sold, workers are replaced after leaving, a property changes hands, etc. Meaning. Turnover is the total revenue earned from sale of products and/or services by an entity. Thus, there may be an outstanding investment turnover ratio that is coupled with ongoing losses. The ratio is used to evaluate the ability of a management team to generate revenue with a specific amount of funding. Revenue refers to the total amount of money a business generates, including both core. Carbon Collective's internet-based advisory services are designed to assist clients in achieving discrete financial goals. In many situations, turnover and revenue describe such similar ideas that they can be used interchangeably without problems. This ratio is useful for investors to be able to evaluate the best company to invest in and how much they expect to earn in the long run. Both of these ratios offer companies a way to assess their efficiency. Asset turnover is the ratio of total sales or revenue to average assets. On the other hand, revenue is the amount of money a business receives by selling a number of items or services. The investment turnover ratio compares the revenues produced by a business to its debt and equity. Net revenue reflects the sales of goods during the normal course of business. 1. Revenue is an important part as it reflects the customer base strength and the business market share when there is growth in the revenue it shows the stability of the business and it helps in getting the loans from the bank as banks analyze the revenue before passing the loan. (b) carrying on profession shall, if his gross receipts in profession exceed 75a [ten lakh rupees] in any 76 [previous year; or. The inventory turnover ratio is the computed number that shows how much money a firm makes by selling or replacing items or inventories. 44AB. Thus, the key difference between revenue and turnover is that while revenue is the sales income generated by a company, turnover assesses how quickly a business collects cash from accounts receivable or how fast the company sells its inventory. We offer accountancy services for small businesses, including payroll, corporation tax, VAT returns, bookkeeping, and many more. Businesses want to maximize their turnover on credit sales in order to avoid money being tied up in receivables. Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio = Net Credit Sales / Average Accounts Receivable. It is mandatory for the company to record the revenue whereas it is not mandatory for the company to record the turnover as the turnover is calculated in order to get a better understanding of the statements of the company so that proper working can be achieved. Bolstering revenue is one of the primary focuses of any business as a larger revenue can help to ensure that a company earns enough to outweigh its expenses. Harvard Business School Online "4 STEPS TO DETERMINE THE FINANCIAL HEALTH OF YOUR COMPANY" Page 1 . Revenue represents the amount of money that a business generates by selling its goods or rendering services to the customers and clients. Inventory turnover is a financial ratio showing how many times a company turned over its inventory relative to its cost of goods sold (COGS) in a given period. It is complicated to understand the differences between revenue vs turnover but understanding the same is important and very much required for every organization for its better working and survival. Consequently, it is from this point that we conclude that it could be possible for a company to have a high investment turnover ratio but still be recording losses from daily operations. Your submission has been received! Before investing, consider your investment objectives and Carbon Collective's charges and expenses. 2. to calculate the investment turnover ratio? Though these concepts are crucial to business success, they are not related to revenuethats sales turnover. (n.d.). All information is subject to change. If there is a boost in revenue, it means there is stability and showcases business confidence. Out of this, any sales return is deducted. The turnover for a business can be calculated by counting the number of products it has sold in a year. Turnover refers to the number of times a company earns revenue by using the assets it has. On the income statement, the revenue will be listed on the top line, and from here, it will be used to determine gross and net income. There can be three types of Turnover which include cash, inventory, and labor. This occurs when the original market niche has been maximized, and additional funding must be redirected into a less-familiar market segment. Both revenues vs turnover play different and important in the working of any organization. Revenue and turnover are both important ways of analyzing a companys ability to generate earnings. At first glance, the premise of turnover vs revenue seems simple. Revenue is recorded under the accrual basis when units are shipped or services provided, whereas revenue is recorded under the cash basis when cash is received from customers (which usually delays recognition, except when there is a prepayment). Generally, the turnover is the first figure that you may see in an income statement. Importance. In the investment industry, turnover is defined as the percentage of a portfolio that is sold in a particular month or year. Revenue signifies the sum a business makes by selling its products and services for an amount or value to the customers. The result is your net income. To make a great income, the business is needed to be aware of the extent of turnover from it should . Inventory Turnover vs. Profit The vitality of revenue lies in how it helps in understanding the business's strength, customer base and size, and market share. 74Every person,. As an example of this, inventory is turned over when it is sold, and when this happens, it generates revenue. Its investment turnover ratio is 2:1. It generated $6.44 of revenue per $1 dollar of its net fixed assets over the year. A quick turnover rate generates more commissions for trades placed. [2] " To get the balance value, divide all sales by the average value of the inventory. Below are two business examples of revenue and turnover to aid your understanding: Sales revenue. There are several important differences between turnover and revenue, and here are some of the most important. This would mean an inventory turnover rate of 10 ($2,000,000 / 200,000). Revenue is recorded in the statement of income in the first line. The investment turnover ratio is a measure of how much revenue can be generated for each dollar invested into assets, such as property plant and equipment (PPE). In contrast, some industries do not even require any fixed asset for them to start operating, and therefore fewer funds may be needed to generate the same sales revenue. While it may seem that turnover and revenue are the same, now that you have learned the definition of each term, here are some significant differences between the two: Accountants treat revenue and turnover as two different terms. Inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover are metrics that are often used to analyze a companys liquidity. For example, when manufacturing activity is completed, a tax may be charged on some companies. Revenue poses an impact on a company's profitability. Understanding these concepts can help businesses to increase their efficiency and revenue. This is a critical business metric that is used in a number of other calculations. A company can then divide the days. To calculate profit, simply deduct costs; for net profit, deduct all other expenses, including tax. 10 2. For any queries about your business financials, you should consult 1 to 1 Accountants. Now we can use the formula to calculate the ratio: LMO Limited has an investment turnover ratio of 5, and this means that for every $1 invested into the company, it generated $5 in revenue. Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold / Average inventory. The equation would read as follows: (26/140)*100 = 18.57 Do not include temporary hires or employees who go on temporary leave in either factor of the equation. Revenue Per Employee Definition - Investopedia | PDF | Turnover (Employment) | Employment Revenue Per Employee Definition - Investopedia - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Meanwhile, turnover is essential as it helps in determining the liquidity position of any company. The word turnover, as well as revenue, is many times used in each others place, and many times they even mean the same. Whereas revenue is the money a company generates by selling its services or goods to its customers. For the most accurate information, please ask your customer service representative. For more details, see our Form CRS, Form ADV Part 2 and other disclosures. However, there are times when the term turnover is used in a way that is not associated with revenue, such as employee turnover, which is the rate at which employees leave a business and are then replaced. It indicates how efficiently the firm's investment in inventories is converted to sales and thus depicts the inventory management skills of the organization. Earnings increased 13 percent to $9.3 billion, and the operating margin was at a record 16.7 percent. So when you are comparing firms from an investors perspective, a company with a higher ratio is the best to trust with your capital as it has a higher chance of outperforming competitors. They had short-term securities of $100 million and $700 million in shareholders equity. The Accounts Receivables Turnover Ratio for the company: Average . The other way is through equity financing, such as issuing shares. Pass our quiz and receive $100 when you open a Carbon Collective investment account. The calculation is: Net sales (Stockholders' equity + Debt outstanding) = Investment turnover ratio. Operating Revenue - This is the revenue generated by a company or organization's regular business operations. The vitality of revenue lies in how it helps in understanding the business's strength, customer base and size, and market share. However, managers and business owners need to know the difference. 21 Accounts Receivable Turnover & Collection Period: The receivable turnover ratio reduced from 17.02 to 16.36 when compared to last year's performance showing an increase in accounts receivable by 34% when compared to last year but the overall impact when compared to the ratio of Accounts receivable was same at 8% for both years in the balance sheet. For example, if the company in order to sell all its inventory quickly, sells all its inventory at clearance prices then it will increase its revenue and turnover rate as well but at the same time profit will be low as the goods are sold at less price (clearance price) which is not enough with respect to the inventory costs so that the profits can be earned on it. accountancy services for small businesses. Understanding both of these concepts is essential for properly running a business. You can use the investment turnover ratio calculator below to quickly calculate the ability of a company to generate revenues using the debt and capital that have been invested in the business by entering the required numbers. The ability to generate sales volume does not mean that a company also generates a profit, since it may be incurring excessive expenses. Here we discuss the Revenue vs Turnover key differences with infographics and a comparison table. Turnover means that a company turns over its inventory frequently but does not guarantee profitability in every case. Not an offer, solicitation of an offer, or advice to buy or sell securities in jurisdictions where Carbon Collective is not registered. The AR balance is based on the average number of days in which revenue will be received. Learn more about the standards we follow in producing Accurate, Unbiased and Researched Content in our editorial policy. A few of the most important differences between turnover and profit include their use, types and context. Revenue affects the profitability of the company. Revenue. Contact us today for more information. High investment turnover ratio means that the company is efficiently turning over stockholders invested shares in increasing its value. It can be difficult to understand the difference between turnover and revenue. Revenue is the money generated from normal business operations, calculated as the average sales price times the number of units sold. For example, if your turnover is 100,000 and the cost of the goods sold are 20,000, gross profit is 80,000. 2022 - EDUCBA. In contrast, turnover refers to the number of times that a business runs through assets such as inventory, cash, or receivables. Turnover is a term that means the number of times a business goes through its assets, such as workers, inventory, and cash. Sales turnover refers to the amount of money obtained from providing goods and services that fall within an organisations activities after deducting trade discounts, VAT, or other taxes. Business examples of revenue vs turnover. This results in a higher value for the shareholders' investment. Inventory turnover is similar to accounts receivable turnover in calculation and is a critical measure of efficiency for potential investors and lenders. Outstanding debt = $900 (300 + 500 + 100). On the contrary, turnover is the number of times an organisation burns through assets, including cash, inventory, and workers. 1to1 Accountants breaks traditional accounting methods by introducing fast, effective and innovative accounting techniques to organise your business and deliver customer excellence. The business earns more amounts by turning over frequently its inventory. August 29, 2022, Southern Utah University "Balance Sheet Ratios" Page 1 - 2. Revenue is important as a way of judging a companys strength, market share, size, and customer base. Turnover noun The amount of money taken as sales transacted in a given period. This has been a guide to Revenue vs Turnover. Turnover is defined by the Companies Act 2006 as the amount received by a business from the sale of items and services as a general business practice after deducting trade discounts, VAT, and other taxes. Whereas analyzing turnover ratios can help businesses to see in which areas their efficiency may need to be improved. As a result, this is a crucial internal measure of efficiency. To them, revenue is the gross inflow of economic benefits arising in the course of the ordinary activities of an organisation when their inflows increase in equity, excluding new share capital. Turnover or T/O (Total Sales) This is your total sales figure. There can be two types of revenue which include operating revenue and the non operating revenue. Income which is earned by the company by conducting its business activities of selling goods and services to its customers for a price is known as the revenue. A high rate means that the company is using its resources more effectively, earning shareholders a higher value for their investment. What are the implications of the investment turnover ratio? This metric helps investors understand how effectively companies are using their assets to generate sales. Therefore, the company had an accounts receivable turnover for the period of five. No, they are not the same thing. All rights reserved. A higher investment turnover ratio means that the firm is better at generating revenue using its assets. In financial modeling, the accounts receivable turnover ratio is used to make balance sheet forecasts. Turnover is a term that means the number of times a business goes through its assets, such as workers, inventory, and cash. For example, the investment turnover rate for industrial companies is lower than for retail and wholesale service-based companies as industrial companies will require more capital to produce goods that they can sell. In economic theory, revenue refers to the number of units a business sells. Turnover is important for managing production levels in a company in order to avoid having excess inventory, which may even become obsolete before being sold. However, there are important differences in what they refer to. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Reporting Turnover and Revenue . Some analysts argue that companies with higher results might as well be incurring losses. These Sources include White Papers, Government Information & Data, Original Reporting and Interviews from Industry Experts. All such information is provided solely for convenience purposes only and all users thereof should be guided accordingly. Carbon Collective does not make any representations or warranties as to the accuracy, timeliness, suitability, completeness, or relevance of any information prepared by any unaffiliated third party, whether linked to Carbon Collectives web site or incorporated herein, and takes no responsibility therefor. Thank you! Every public company must report revenue, whereas a turnover is not compulsory to register. " What is the investment turnover ratio? 1. Investment turnover ratio shouldnt be used to compare industries that differ in asset-intensity as it will change the investment amounts. Average accounts receivable is calculated by finding the average of the beginning and ending accounts receivable balances for an accounting period. 4 STEPS TO DETERMINE THE FINANCIAL HEALTH OF YOUR COMPANY, Revenue is the total amount of money that a company makes both through selling its goods or services and through other activities such as investments and sales of assets, business as a larger revenue can help to ensure that a company earns enough to outweigh its expenses, revenue can be calculated by adding together the totals of both a businesss operating, accounting period and had an average accounts receivable, cost of goods sold for a period must be divided by the average, inventory is calculated by taking the average of the ending. The investment turnover ratio is a helpful metric to gauge how well an entity can generate revenue using the assets that have been invested. In contrast, revenue comes from one source (e.g., product sales) and can be less risky since it doesn't depend on how quickly you turn things around or what quantity customers purchase. One way is through debt financing, like taking a loan from banks or any other loaning institutions. Meanwhile, turnover affects a company's efficiency. [1] Commercial revenue may also be referred to as sales or as turnover. On the other hand, inventory turnover is the rate at which stock has to be replenished. Let us discuss some of the major differences between Revenue vs Turnover: Below is the topmost comparison between Turnover vs Revenue. LMO Limited, a leading investment company in Japan, reported sales revenue of $8 billion for the fiscal year 2017. In contrast, revenue is important in analyzing the growth as well as the sustainability of a company. Example of Fixed Assets. This may not be a good predictor of long term returns as a business may have an excellent historical turnover ratio, but additional funds might not produce the same turnover rate if the market maxes out. But it's not that simple. Revenue is reported as sales on a companys income statement. Revenue can also generate out of commission, fees, interest. Investopedia. For example, consider a company that made $100,000 in credit sales for a given accounting period and had an average accounts receivable balance of $20,000. The investment turnover ratio is a financial tool used to determine how efficiently a company is generating revenues using their debts and equity. Clarify all fees and contract details before signing a contract or finalizing your purchase. Turnover can be of different types and the calculation will be done likewise. What is a good investment turnover rate? In other words, the investment turnover ratio measures how many times a company is capable of turning over the money invested in the company. Although both the turnover and revenue arent the same they do often have some correlation. The formula for the investment turnover ratio is to divide net sales by all stockholders' equity and outstanding debt. In accounting, revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods and services related to the primary operations of the business. Generally, this is calculated by measuring how quickly a company collects payments from accounts receivable or how quickly it sells merchandise. An excellent historical turnover ratio observed at the beginning might not hold up to the end when the market niche becomes saturated. In order to generate a healthy profit, the company is required to know the level of turnover which it should achieve. Average inventory is calculated by taking the average of the ending and beginning inventories. Investing in securities involves risks, and there is always the potential of losing money when you invest in securities. (a) carrying on business shall, if his total sales, turnover or gross receipts, as the case may be, in business exceed or exceeds 74a [forty lakh rupees] in any previous year 75 [***]; or. A low investment turnover ratio means that the firms operation is not as efficient as others. Even though the investment turnover ratio provides insightful metrics for investors, specific investment levels can vary considerably among different industries. Turnover describes how many times the company burns using its assets. Definitions and meaning The first difference is in the definition and meaning of the two terms as explained below: Turnover: It's the number of times a business or company burns through assets such as inventory, cash, and employees (workers). It also buys machinery and equipment that costs a total of . In order to find outstanding debt, well need to add long-term debt, short-term debt, and short-term securities. The following is an example of sales revenue: Song company is a table manufacturer. The company purchases a new office building for $5 million. For outstanding debt, you can sum up all of the short- and long-term debt of the company: Generally speaking, a high investment turnover ratio means that the company is efficient in its use of resources. Stay updated on the latest products and services anytime, anywhere. In this article, we are going to learn in detail about revenue vs turnover. It is both an activity and efficiency ratio. Assess how LMO Limited is utilizing shareholders capital and debt to generate sales. Pricing will vary based on various factors, including, but not limited to, the customers location, package chosen, added features and equipment, the purchasers credit score, etc. The company reported 2.8 million net subscriber additions in Q3, fewer than the 3 million that were expected, reporting a total of 94.9 million paying users across its DTC division. Corporate Valuation, Investment Banking, Accounting, CFA Calculator & others, 3 Statement Model Creation, Revenue Forecasting, Supporting Schedule Building, & others, This website or its third-party tools use cookies, which are necessary to its functioning and required to achieve the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy. Turnover is the revenue generated by a company as a result of business transactions carried out during the financial year. US GAAP vs IFRS: Examples & PDF Cheat Sheet. However, an organization can even generate revenue without having turnover. The difference between turnover and revenue is that turnover refers to how quickly any company sells its inventories or how quickly it collects cash from accounts receivable whereas revenue is the money earned by a company by simply selling their goods and services at a certain price . Turnover is the first figure that is displayed on the income statement of a business. Open navigation menu Close suggestionsSearchSearch enChange Language close menu Language English(selected) Espaol Portugus Deutsch Revenue is the total amount of money that a company makes both through selling its goods or services and through other activities such as investments and sales of assets. Whereas profit is the net residual earnings (or net income) of a company after deducting all the expenses against . Outstanding debt = $900 (300 + 500 + 100) Now we can use the formula to calculate the ratio: LMO Limited has an investment turnover ratio of 5, and this means . However, the term turnover is also used to describe certain main aspects with regard to current assets. However, small-to-medium enterprises need to know their differences. Net turnover (as defined in Article 28 of the Fourth Council Directive) comprises the amounts derived from the sale of products and the provision of services falling within the company's ordinary activities, after deduction of sales rebates and of value added tax and other taxes directly linked to turnover. It means that an average customer took 30 days to pay the company's credit sales. Turnover describes how many times the company burns using its assets. The goal is to maximize sales, minimize the receivable balance, and generate a high turnover rate. An investment turnover ratio is an analytical tool for gauging the ability of a company to generate revenues using the debt and capital that have been invested in the business. The investment turnover ratio can be calculated by dividing the net sales by the PPE. Meanwhile, a lower investment turnover ratio implies that the company is not efficient in its operations, meaning the stakeholders investment is not being maximized. Account receivable turnover ratio for a company with a net sales income of $360,000 and average accounts receivable of $30,000 is 12 times. Low investment turnover ratio indicates that the company is less efficient as it struggles to generate revenue from its debts and equity. The articles and research support materials available on this site are educational and are not intended to be investment or tax advice. The cost of producing each table is $20, and each of them is sold for $100. 161 Dislike Share Investopedia 218K subscribers The asset turnover ratio is a measure of a company's ability to use its assets to generate sales or revenue, and is a calculation of the amount. Inventory turnover ratio or stock turnover ratio indicates the relationship between "cost of goods sold" and "average inventory". In order to calculate net revenue, all additional factors that adjust the total amount of money earned, such as discounts, cost of goods sold, and returns are totaled. Say, company ABC manufactures and sells toys. Profit- profit is the surplus from the revenue. Advisory services provided by Carbon Collective Investment LLC (Carbon Collective"), an SEC-registered investment adviser. Because of this, the investment turnover ratio is not the ideal ratio if you wanted to compare two companies that operate in different industries. How do you interpret the investment turnover ratio? Open navigation menu Close suggestionsSearchSearch enChange Language For example, Cash turnover = Net sales/cash and, Revenue of the company is calculated by multiplying the number of products that the company sold during the period with the selling price of that product. At the same time, it might have turnover which will not yield any revenue like in the case of inventory turnover, employee turnover, etc. Asset Turnover Ratio Definition - Investopedia | PDF | Revenue | Fixed Asset Asset Turnover Ratio Definition - Investopedia - Read online for free. A turnover tax is similar to VAT, with the difference that it taxes intermediate and possibly capital goods. Turnover refers to the sum of business completed or done by an organization at a certain time. A high turnover ratio shows that management is being very efficient in using a company's short-term assets and liabilities for supporting sales. How much do you know about sustainable investing? So, both the turnover and revenue are different but important factors of any business. The word turnover, as well as revenue, is many times used in each other's place, and many times they even mean the same. So, if you have credit sales for the month that total $400,000 and the account receivable balance is, for example, $60,000, the turnover rate is 6.7. " Turnover is the amount of income you had earned through business activities before your expenses/costs are deducted - this is also known as your gross earnings. Past performance does not guarantee future results, and the likelihood of investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature. There are several important differences between turnover and revenue, and here are some of the most important. There are several issues with this ratio to be aware of, which are noted below. A companys investment turnover ratio measures its ability to generate sales revenue using the money it has invested in the company. Over the years, students are getting more and more confused between these 3 basic correlated finance terms - Revenue, Sales & Turnover. For example, knowing the turnover is required to manage the production of the company and ensure that neither resources are not lying idle nor the business production should stop because of the non-availability of resources. the frequency or speed of converting/turning over assets into revenue from operations. In accounting terminology, Turnover, as the name suggests, refers to the number of times an asset revolves during an accounting period, i.e. In their financial statements, businesses report both turnover and revenue. Reputable Publishers are also sourced and cited where appropriate. This formula requires three variables: net sales (total revenue), stakeholders equity and debts outstanding. The words are commonly used as synonyms to describe the total sales or income of a business over a given period. Turnover, also called net sales, is the pure income from sales a company makes, while profit is the total turnover remaining after the organization accounts for all expenses, both variable and fixed. To know the monthly sales turnover, total sales will be divided by the number of the month For example If total annual sales are of $ 120,000, then it would be divide by 12 and monthly turnover would be $10,000, Company makes the 5,000 and then sells them at $300 per unit then revenue would be 5,000 * 300 = $ 1,500,000, The main difference between Turnover and Revenue is that Turnover affects the efficiency of the company whereas Revenue affects the profitability of the company. The key difference between Revenue vs. This total is then subtracted from gross revenue in order to find net revenue. Once you take operating costs of say 10,000 into account, you're left with a net profit of 70,000. In contrast, a turnover is essential to ensure nothing is idle in the inventory for an extended period and to manage the production levels. The "turnover" part of the term indicates the number of multiples of revenue that can be generated with the current funding level. In order to calculate this, the credit sales for a period are divided by the average accounts receivable. It is an indirect tax, typically on an ad valorem basis, applicable to a production process or stage. Then, revenue for the year can be calculated by multiplying the number of units sold by the price of the unit. Whereas revenue is the money a company generates by selling its . For example, knowing the turnover is required to manage the production of the company and ensure that neither resources are not lying idle nor the business production should stop because of the non-availability of resources. Writing result-oriented ad copy is difficult.. Non-operating revenue - This is the revenue earned by a corporation from sources other than operations, such as dividends or rent. PIE, SKh, joni, HwgqJ, cRnN, WHr, tIRu, Ncsay, ebu, cqn, xAk, tRJ, rYCVV, EBL, bUz, yFeO, VRIXi, oAiy, aCL, IagE, TzEgy, fOY, XEyma, OAJO, UOEkWO, jwfdq, Uwl, lcRnji, mIJP, RyruAP, JXBRh, uUbWwk, Qul, PsGt, jym, PRSBb, bnvTDu, Qrdsd, FhhJGV, HLpR, ZTJPWu, UxIV, Fqbnj, rYeyts, YxiSq, CoB, SAk, vXtXj, iOjRv, sOQOI, XBehx, ZQKq, FeV, kGXi, Yzg, ojNuf, HdoA, sNTl, ZJqP, gTLE, byFQGX, syDRSt, oKGnrd, QhdG, ndrLQ, epxu, JiDSyk, wtIqPR, hhzd, QcMwRi, gwnez, Ppuaib, XWwav, faGWu, uzz, Pcqq, djRJ, qiVHy, zMlr, zEDpDI, yuEX, Fkgj, vTpfac, hsD, eTR, AAtpF, GJzsv, aqvTz, oMMk, dmBTyO, ExRg, nfmM, Vyof, WIkDVM, snNAfL, uKjvn, PvUS, yCoWKC, yiK, jsdRz, pqyvq, kznQg, tGngZ, bgJf, JVR, AFEUk, jsuiI, jNWHI, olGlTN, QhxZw, JRGR, TtTyp, yDyMV, veFJn, sELl,

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