Report a Violation, Difference between Social and Cultural Change, Cultural Change: Main Factors and Causes of Cultural Change, 7 Important Functions of Family (1698 Words). (iii) It is becoming more and more unstable. The development of science and technology as well as the change in ideas and opinions have contributed innovative and critical outlook in us. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 540 720] /Contents 15 0 R/StructParents 2>> In the process of change every society grows and decays, where it finds renewal and accommodates itself to various changing conditions. Some of the most important factors of social change are as under. (d) It brings destructive social conflict and disorganization in migrants line. It is found that technological innovations and discoveries stimulate the material culture to a great extent. Population Growth and Composition This aspect has been acknowledged by many past as well as modern thinkers. But it would be worthwhile to analyse the nature of social change for clear understanding. E.g. Indian traditional family which was purely of joint pattern has started changing its size, structure and functions by the impact of technology. So in any variation of social process, social interactions and social organizations social change-takes place. (e) Due to growth of population Acts are passed by the government for the control of population. 1. The factors influencing for the social change. Social Change Or Social Reform, Social Innovation and Its Relationship to Social Change: Verifying Existing Social Theories in Reference to Social, Module 7 Key Thinkers Lecture 36 Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer, DOCUMENT RESUME SO 000 040 Bibliography on Planned Social, The Development of Sociology in the United States, Social Change and Public Engagement with Policy and Evidence, A Social Change Model of Leadership Development, Chapter 17: Social Change and Collective Behavior, Modernization Theory and the Comparative Study of Societies: a Critical Perspective Author(S): Dean C, 67 Sociology in a Rapidly Changing Society K. A. BUSIA, GHANA Visiting Professor of Sociology, Institute of Social Studies, Ethnography of Health for Social Change: Impact on Public Perception and Policy, The Sociology of Social Change Sociology 325 Fall 2016, Power: a Practical Guide for Facilitating Social Change, Understanding Social Change. Though physical environment is an important factor which deeply affects social life, still it cannot be regarded as the only factor responsible for the growth of human society. These factors may They are given in the following table. It includes all that man has acquired in the mental and intellectual sphere of his individual and social life. Population fluctuation has both positive and negative changes in society. Some of these factors are shown in the following diagram. Physical or Environmental Factors of Social Change 3. Technology is fast-growing. Technology has altered mans economic life in many ways. For instance, a certain attitude toward sex formulated by the Church Fathers in the early Middle Ages still hold good in the Catholic sect. For them, ideational changes are important contributory factors to many or most types of social change. It means changes in all fundamental relations of man to man. Factors Influencing. (iv) Out-migration refers to movement out of a particular area. 20.2 Sources of Social Change Learning Objectives Describe the major sources of social change. Social change which occurs in the natural course is called the unplanned change. (a) The growth of population has decreased the standard of living of the people in the society. Internal factors could refer to the infrastructural facilities, their distribution among people and peoples access to them. But the monistic theory does not provide an adequate explanation of the complex phenomenon of social change. ), who held that geographical setting ultimately governs the form of society (family, marriage, economy, religion, government) and explains social change. The first component is transformative change. Plagiarism Prevention 4. (iv) Hereditary occupational structure has been replaced by occupation based on ones own choice depending on ones own capacity, ability and talent. Social and the cultural aspects are closely interwoven. It is the inborn tendency of human beings that they desire change. Both age composition and sex composition are very closely related to social change. According to White, Culture is a symbolic, continuous, cumulative and progressive process., Malinowski defines culture, as the handiwork of man and as the medium through which he achieves his end., Maclver and Page defines, Culture is the realm of styles, of values, of emotional attachments, of intellectual adventures., In the words of Green, Culture is the socially transmitted system of idealized ways in knowledge, practices and beliefs, along with the artifacts that knowledge and practice produce and maintain as they change in time., Culture, as is defined by Tylor, refers to, that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.. Though change is all around us, we do not refer to all of it as social change. They are: (a) There is no inherent law of social change. Social institutions cannot live on life shells within which life is extinct. No culture even remains constant. Strong ties are close relationships, mostly with people who one is comfortable with. The technological innovations have brought about revolutionary changes in mans idea about the world and universe. internal to the society concerned); and b) exogenous. In his above mentioned study, Weber asserted that the development of modern capitalism could be attributed to Protestant reformation, particularly Calvinism. The physical, biological, demographical, cultural, technological and many other factors interact to generate change. Several sociologists have highlighted the determining role of culture effecting social change. bring a number of changes in society. All factors of social change are closely related to each other. It is a value free term as it does imply any sense of good or bad, desirable or undesirable. (iv) The rate of divorce is increasing rapidly day by day. Indeed, in the 21st century, technology has completely and irreversibly changed the way people meet, interact, learn, work, play, travel, worship, and do business. (a) There is no clear-cut distinction between material and non- material culture. Whether we are born into a growing or a shrinking population has a bearing on our education, the age at which we marry, our ability to get a job, the taxes we pay and many other factors. They are: (1) Culture is social, but not individual. Invention of new agricultural tools and chemical measures has led to the gradual development of an agrarian system. The modern age is the Age of Technology. No man has been able to find out their causes. <> It has brought about remarkable changes in social relationship and installed new ideologies in the place of traditional areas. Ideals of self-betterment, freedom, equality and democratic participation are largely creations of the past two/ three centuries. Factors in societal change may be summarised under three main headings: economic, political and cultural. Innovation of new things, modification and renovations of the existing behaviour take time. The quality of population of a society is controlled by the process of selection, such selection is of two types, Natural and Social selection. Social Control and Social Change - Sources and agencies of Social Control, Processes and factors of Social Change. Culture plays a very significant role in social change. How it brings social change? It always keeps on changing. Type of Social Change 3. (ii) Culture influences the direction and character of technological change: Our belief and social institutions not only correspond to the changes in technology but these determine the use to which the technological inventions will be put. According to W.F. 8 0 obj It could be caused by scientists gaining a deeper understanding of the environment and our effect on it. ideas and logic). (7) Culture has the quality of becoming integrated. Sociologist Max Weber has proved that cultural values affect economic institutions. But in the biological process of ageing short time does not cause change. Social Factors. Migration accelerate the process of urbanization. stream Hence, social change obviously implies a change in the system of social relationship. TOS 7. It has encouraged the sense of universal brotherhood. They are modern education and scientific knowledge to hygiene, better sanitation and therapeutic and preventive medicines, the increase of productivity which raises the standard of living, control of natural calamities, control of nutrition of mother, maternity facilities etc. Protestantism emphasised the autonomy and independence of the individual rather than dependence on the church, priesthood and ritual. Man is by nature a lover of change and therefore, he is always engaged in trying to discover new things and is always anxious to experience new things in life. 3 0 obj Content Filtrations 6. No device, technological or otherwise, whether originating within a society or borrowed from outside, obviously set up a network of effects. Changes in the attitudes towards dowry, caste system, female education, etc. and human beings. Human beings use animals, birds, plants and herbs according to the direction of his own culture. We have borrowed many cultural traits (such as use of knife and fork in eating) from Western culture. (i) The ascribed status has been replaced by achieved status. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window). The possibilities for planning by government bureaucracies and other large organizations have increased in modern societies. brings a corresponding change in the whole social order. In the modern world we are aware that society is never static, and that social, political, economic and cultural changes occur constantly. It has given birth to the factory system and replaced domestic system. Karl Marx has given an economic interpretation of social changes. From the above discussion we find that demography plays a significant role in the socio-economic and political transformation of society. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 540 720] /Contents 4 0 R/StructParents 0>> A biological factor includes both non-human beings such as animals, birds, herbs, insects, plants etc. Society is a collectivity of groups and individuals. Report a Violation, 7 Major Factors that Influences Socio-Cultural Changes, Cultural Change: Main Factors and Causes of Cultural Change, Difference between Social and Cultural Change. endobj For Marx economic influences were paramount and determined ell the rest, including religion, whereas for Weber economic phenomena themselves rest upon a broad ideological base and particularly upon religion. endobj This is called the cultural lag. Weber did not simply explained capitalist development in terms of religious belief, but argued that the religious factor, if combined with others, of a political, economic and social nature, can produce a certain type of social change. Social factors are social aspects of life that influence the behavior and quality of life of an individual. stream Hence, it is multi-causal. Poverty is related with health and the size of the family also. As a matter of fact, social change is the consequence of a number of factors. xV[O0~GLBcMXnARZ!}||}qflr:C;C2x 9GZ1. Change in culture takes place by three important factors. is the developments in the field of transportation and communication have reduced the social distance which has led to cultural diffusion and thereby brought social change. There are four forms of migration. Factors of Social change Biological. Definition. Political Factors 7. Though Weber too appreciated the importance of economic factors, but he did not ascribe to them the importance that they have in Marxian theory. Theo Spanos Dunfey May 29, 2019 Explore Social Work Social change is a concept many of us take for granted or don't really even understand. Mazumdar, Social change may be defined as a new fashion or mode, either modifying or replacing the old, in the life of people or in the operation of society., Morris Ginsberg, By social change I understand a change in social structure, i.e. km4meu.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/change-alliance-focus.jpg. It is the political organizations (i.e. Some of the most important factors of social change are as under: Certain geographic changes sometimes produce great social change. What sparks this social change? The impact of technological changes may be discussed under the following broad headings. Governments now play a major role in stimulating (and sometimes retarding) rates of economic growth. Cities are a basic element of social change. Social philosophers, who believed in the force of ideas, argued that no material or social factors can produce change unless there is also a change in ideas within society or ideas about society and nature. Notes Internal factors could refer to the infiastructural facilities,their distribution among people and people's access to them. ?7}o*%13\0\lC Developed nations have become far more urbanized in the past 200 years. Social and cultural aspects are closely interwoven. Culture operates not only directly as a source of change but also indirectly, by its impact on the utilitarian order. We can say that whatever comes in contact with an individual's social life affects personality of that individual and develop good or bad personality. But here question arises why does social change takes place? have facilitated the spread of new principles and have become propaganda machines for political parties. . Values, beliefs, ideas, institutions are the basic elements of a culture. Natural Factors: A storm, earthquake, flood, drought, disease and similar natural events even today can disrupt the social system. Content Guidelines 2. are the instances of unplanned changes. Change denotes any alternation, difference or modification that takes place in a situation or in any object through time. This is called monistic theory which seeks to interpret social change in terms of one single factor. The word Why represents the reasons, the causes, or the factors that are responsible for social change. Human existence is extremely dependent on the earth's geographical conditions. No society has ever remained the same. Technological innovation originates also from another source called discovery. This can include the influence of society, communities, cultures, group memberships and institutions such as family. In hunting and gathering societies, there were no political organisation capable of mobilising the community, as such; there were minimum changes in the societies. The following four areas fall within the domain of the study of demography: (i) To ascertain the total population within a prescribed geographical area. Of economic influences, the most far-reaching is the impact of industrialisation. (d) Finally Ogburn has not provided any standard or scale to measure the units of material and non-material culture. (iii) Culture shapes economy and is effective towards economic growth: Culture not only gives direction to technology but it shapes the economy which is too much effective towards economic growth. 6 0 obj For example, if you are selling a food-related product in China . Apart from the above characteristic features it may be said that social change can be qualitative or quantitative. As a result of industrialisation people have started moving towards the industrial areas, the areas neither very far from the cities nor from the villages with the hope of getting employment in those industries and factories. State is the most powerful organisation which regulates the social relationships. Marx is perhaps the most famous proponent of the notion that societies/forms of social . Here it is necessary to take up each factor by itself and to find out the way in which it affects social change. It is typically viewed as a three-stage process: 1. that the decline in immortality comes before the decline in fertility, 2. that the fertility eventually declines to match mortality and 3. 1. It refers to the difference that exists between the past and the present situation. government) that stimulate economic growth and welfare to its people. Disclaimer 9. From the above analysis we come to know that with the development of technology changes in different areas are constantly increasing and these are becoming more stable. The changes in technology have changed the whole gamut of social life. Technology often changes society by changing the environment to which we then adapt. Different biological process like human procreation, fertility and mortality also influence the rate of change in a society. (iii) In-migration refers to migration into a particular area. For example, the five years plan made by the government. The history of culture offers many evidences which confirm the role of culture. Take, for example, the emerging consensus that, after years of inertia, poverty levels in Pakistan are finally starting to drop. Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization. Required fields are marked *. This extreme approach was laid down by some geographical determinists (Buckle, Huntington, Miss Sample, J. Huxley etc. In many societies, political leadership controls the economy as well as promotes technological change so as to provide comfort to its people. But any discovery brings about social change only when it is widely used. Demographic factor has been duly acknowledged by many a scholar as one of the important factors causing social change. It has performally altered out modes of life and thought. In traditional production systems, levels of production were fairly static since they were geared to habitual, customary needs. On the contrary, our ways of life have increasingly become on the basis of rationality. With the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in the mid-18th century, the mechanization (use of machines) of industries and ultimately the occurrence of the industrial revolution took place. It depends entirely on the society at large. <> Meaning of Social Change: When change in social structure, social order, social values, certain customs and traditions, socio- cultural norms, code of [] Definition, Types, Adopting Reasons, & Pros/Cons, What is Growth Strategy? Thus, it is clear that any change in the culture (i.e. If there is increase or decrease of these animals, birds, plants etc. Agricultural production is increased due to the use of modern equipments, improved seeds in quantity and quality. have resisted the technological inventions and contribute to it. Society runs through the mutual interrelationship among various units of a social system. The terms like continuous, cumulative adoptive, transmissive etc. The quality of population of a society is controlled by the process of selection, such selection is of two types, Natural and Social selection. Similarly the nature and quality of human beings in a society influences the rate of social change. It is the change which alone we shall regard as social change. Because in this process one culture gives something to the other and at the same time takes something from it. A discovery or an invention adds to the fund of our verified knowledge which later on becomes a factor of social change. The practice of arranged marriage has been gradually replaced by dating and love marriage. With the changes in the economic system, the entire society changes in its structure & functioning. So any difference or any modification or transformation in the established pattern of human interaction and standards of conduct amounts to change. While the birth rate is falling, the proportion of younger people in the proportion of youths declines and that elders advances significant social changes occurs. ideas, values, beliefs, etc.) % Factors of Social Change Social change occurs due to various factors. Change is an on-going process, No society remains completely static. A man is judged in what he has, not what he is. Marriage is an important institution which has been undergoing tremendous changes due to the impact of technology. Society is subject to constant changes. In this paper we attempt (a) to summarize the past of Communication for Development and Social Change; (b) to identify the roadmap for the future of Communication for Development and Social. Rapid population growth influences our environment causes poverty, food shortage and multiple health problems and thereby brings changes in society. The main factors of environmental causes resulting in social change are: Negative changes in the environment Creation of social groups to bring awareness to these changes Creation of interest. 1. Industrialization has caused a number of changes in family, status of women, mode of living of people, religion and ideologies of people etc. These show that with the change in population, social change occurs. It is a two-way process. (b) Excess growth of population accelerates the process of migration. The size of the population is based mainly upon three factorsbirth rate, death rate and migration (immigration and emigration). <> Here man is required to adapt to natural environment. (iv) It has increased the size and power of bureaucracy. The first comes from within a society and culture, and the second from another culture outside of the society. Natural selection Content Filtrations 6. The technological factors also play important role in causing social change. They argued that ideas could influence the course of social change. The most spectacular invention of our age, the atomic energy, has vastly influenced our life. The fall in death rate has also affected the growth of population. Conflict theory sees social life as a competition and focuses on the distribution of resources, power, and inequality. The Cultural Factorsthe Cultural Lag. These fundamental themes . All cultural change involves social change. American Judge Benjamin Cordozo said that the "Final cause of law is the welfare of society". As an agent of peace it may bring an unprecedented era of plenty and prosperity. Singing, dancing, eating, playing belong to the category of culture. Urban areas are places which satisfied the following criteria: . It exists for the welfare and advancement of the whole. Modern age is the Age of Technology. The factors of social change are the elements or conditions that can promote it, and that to a large extent determine the type of change that occurs.These factors can be classified according to their nature in: Demographic factors, when they have to do with the constitution of the mass itself, that is, with the processes that affect the population, such as migration . For e.g. <>/OutputIntents[<>] /Metadata 1944 0 R/ViewerPreferences 1945 0 R>> (Dawson and Gettys, 1948). It is an established fact that there is an intimate connection between our beliefs and social institutions, our values and social relationships. So, we merely do not follow any customs or habits just because our age-old traditional authority tells us to do. (iii) Marriage under caste system is no more endogamous. Such ideals have served to mobilise processes of social and political change, including reformation movements and revolutions. From the discussion of the nature of social change, we know that there are some potential factors responsible for bringing social change. Which includes changes in political institutions, class structure, economic systems, mores and modes of living. Human history is full of examples that flourishing civilisations fell prey to natural calamities. The word lag connotes crippled movement. A single invention in technology can produce a large scale change in society. Share this: Factors that influence how one lives are referred to as sociologically factors. Technological Factors of Social Change 4. Sources of change can be found in internal contradictions within a society as in Marxian analysis, in uneven rates of growth of various parts of the system, in contact and clash with other systems, and in generational differences. The intermixing of people belonging to various countries led to the removal of much misunderstanding, hatred and jealously. <> Among the biological factors, the hereditary characters of the population play the main role. Prohibited Content 3. We have seen that social change stems from natural forces and also from the intentional acts of groups of people. 7Iv"Ka[E3)"G(Cy[,gIA_'qUB9I$'t;9\IO_gc[l,HOMUk2_;FNNTd RJ*,1Go#z E=EH'2G%>$B12a:%&a]qn-9B,Qg,Md^qK70' b:?>AA0vj!vYbjuO0Lk ||=`x]iXn n-">w"i:/x|M^nXvZ]Pd=.+L8iO^R"(3<>&1j7e+'N xY$$e/%2m%Kv(=d8?m^ 2[H@z6P}tDH&]yUXUyH3NL}XGUo-+,O$eX}^ed Z'tz:t-?I*(YpaHNzv{I`_EIs->-daic!z/8}eEre)&. xXn6}7#i^% Technology brings changes in the material environment. Population changes: A population change is itself a social change but also becomes a casual factor in further social and cultural changes. xK0|i&6A}8qncuvsV7d9E|p\~B2Ld("%HmAm6Xs0EJ#PQ"I_kCnCIF M-?:)X$ [Wi7K/k\{}_{]%%4fMK1LKxk/h=LyRZ[g>yS,mFY{g+;5!dkh wC@ The reasons may be related to income, education, healthier lifestyles and several other issues. (ii) People are becoming more and more secular, rational and scientific in their outlook. (iii) Conservative or orthodox religious activities have been replaced by simple activities. (b) More population brings about more innovations and discoveries. the size of a society, the composition or balance of its parts or the type of its organisation.. (c) According to the theory of cultural lag, while one thing progresses forward, another lags. Technological factors also play important role in causing social change. A ruler may choose to channel resources into building up his castle, for example, even when this impoverishes most of the population. There are many factors contributing to the process of migration. The introduction of machinery into industry, news paper, radio, television, telephone, telegraph etc. Change is inevitable. Privacy Policy 8. (b) Natural calamities like earthquake, flood famine etc. The Physical Factors III. However, there are so many large-scale changes occurring in societies that are unplanned. When there is population growth, it gives rise to a variety of problems like poverty, unemployment, child labor, crime, juvenile delinquency, beggary, and multiple health problems and thereby brings changes in society. (iv) It has lost its importance and has started disintegrating day by day. So the material culture goes ahead leaving behind the non-material culture. If the number of child and unproductive or ageing population increases, a country faces a number of economic problems. It is the universal law of nature. What is Business Level Strategy? Social Movement and Social Revolution. No society remains completely static. Because the changes are neither stopped nor the societies are kept in museum to save them from change. By ^significant _ alteration, sociologists mean changes yielding profound social consequences. Society is the net-work of social relationship. Introduction to Social Change Social change is the transformation of culture and social organisation/structure over time. With changes in size go changes in composition. For e.g. Some ofthese factors are : a) endogenous (i.e. The means of transport has progressed at a surprising rate. This is called planned change. For example, in India due to rapid population growth, the government has introduced family planning programmes. social change, in sociology, the alteration of mechanisms within the social structure, characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behaviour, social organizations, or value systems. Education for Social Change and Transformation: Case Studies of Critical Praxis, REFERENCES: Chanana, Karuna. They are: (i) Invention denotes creation of new ways of using existing knowledge or new ways of combining existing artifacts. It varies from society to society and even in the same society from time to time. Apart from the above factors, cultural factors play significant role in bring about technological change. Explain cultural lag and provide an example. Social change results from the interaction of a number of factors: As a matter of fact, social change is the consequence of a number of factors. This important volume considers the processes through which societal changes exert an impact on the course of adolescent development and identify individual and contextual factors that can modify. In addition to this, the biological process of natural selection & struggle for survival is constantly producing alterations (changes) in society. It certainly brings drastic changes not only in the micro- structures but also in macro-structures. What may be acceptable in one country, could be a possible no-no somewhere else. endobj Hence, it is multi-causal. Over the last few years the topic of "stranded assets" created by environment-related risk factors, including physical climate change impacts and societal responses to climate change, has loomed larger and larger. Similarly rapid increase or decrease of population also brings a number of changes in society. The failure of education to meet the needs of modern industrial development leads to cultural lag. Those factors are as follows: Population (Demographic Factor) Social Organization Economic conditions in countries do affect health, mortality, marriages, divorce rate, suicide, crime & emigration, etc. 5 0 obj (c) Increase in population leads to an increase of social differentiation and division of labor. that have produced significant changes in modern societies. When a thinly settled frontier fills up with people the hospitality pattern fades away, secondary group relations multiply, institutional structures grow more elaborate and many other changes follow. In the ancient and in the medieval periods, the state never issued any statutes or laws and the King had no power to promulgate a law. The mutuality, on which it depends, is possible to sustain by adjustment of varied . There are certain factors that affect a Social Change. According to Maclver social change takes place as a response to many types of changes that take place in the social and nonsocial environment. 4 0 obj Privacy Policy 8. Finally, we will see how the theory of social change is used in sociological inquiry. This section further examines these sources of social change. (For detailed analysis of the influence of economic factor, see Marxs views discussed in Economic Theory of Social Change). The provision of womens right to parental property, 33% percent reservation for women and quota for Janajatis, Madhesis, Muslims, and Dalits in public services and governance structure, etc. Sotiatchange occurs due to interactionand In an another instance it is found that society is like an organization, which never dies. People whether accept change or not depends upon their attitudes and values which are the products of the culture. We are familiar from Chapter 5 "Social Structure and Social Interaction" with the basic types of society: hunting-and-gathering, horticultural and pastoral, agricultural, industrial, and postindustrial. Social change is universal. (iii) Fragmentation of land or distribution of common property. (c) The process of social change does not remain uniform. Usually the change resulting from natural calamities like flood; drought, famines, volcanic eruption, etc. (ii) There is no restriction on food, water as well as social relationship. The meaning of the term Social Change can be better understood if we will discuss few definitions formulated by the eminent sociologists. But non-material culture responds very slowly to such changes in material culture. Abstract. It is a process by which adoption of the modern ways of life and values take place. Changes in the physical environment bring about important changes in society. It can also bring social unrest & revolution & war. In modern times, adoption of two artificial ways to population growth, viz., birth control and abortion are also affecting the number and composition of population structure. The physical, biological, demographical, cultural, technological and many other factors interact to generate change. (e) In the societies where the female population exceeds the male population, polygamy may flourish and on the other hand, if the number of males exceeds the females, polyandry is likely to prevail. It is an on-going process without any break. Abolition of child marriage, inter-caste marriage, high status to Indian women is some of the important instances of social change. (a) From the above table it is found that population increases due to illiteracy, popularity of child marriage, widow remarriage, polygamy, craze for a male child, poverty and also because of lack of proper implementation of family planning programmes. To understand social change, thus, it is neces-sary also to understand what produces social conti-nuity. <> 7 0 obj According to Duhigg, these four main elements are always included in a process when a movement occurs. Number of population in the productive age group deeply influences the rate and speed of social change. To satisfy these wants social change has become a necessity not only to him but also to the society. (ii) Change in the control and rub of Karta. Technological Factors of Social Change, 11. 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