It also was developing spacecraft power systems for NASA. [180] CLICK management was completely overhauled with a board of 37 nonpartisan directors who all agreed that CLICK would be a "unified, businesslike organization", rather than a group influenced by politics. The test bed concept could range from fundamental research platforms where separate effects testing are performed to reduce technical risks for a developmental nuclear energy technology to a full scale reactor prototype commercialisation. Test beds associated with the national laboratories and with some engineering capability could provide an effective bridge between universities and industrial take-up. In which countries? [312][316] The cofferdam was fixed by installing deep foundations made of gravel at the outermost cofferdam. They are a prerequisite for new reactor licensing. Registered office: Tower House, 10 Southampton Street, London, WC2E 7HA, United Kingdom, Reuse of World Nuclear Association Content, Ukraine: Russia-Ukraine War and Nuclear Energy, Sustainable Development Goals and Nuclear, two tightly-coupled nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems, Military Warheads as a Source of Nuclear Fuel, DOE Announces Solicitations for $30.5 Billion in Loan Guarantees, Strategic Plan: Protecting National, Energy, and Economic Security with Advanced Science and Technology and Ensuring Environmental Cleanup, Next Generation Nuclear Plant Report to Congress, Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Implementation Strategy, U.S. Department of Energy FY 2010 Congressional Budget Request, Volume 5 (Environmental Management, Defense Nuclear Waste Disposal, Nuclear Waste Disposal), Agency Document Access and Management System, Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future, Secretary Chu Announces Blue Ribbon Commission on Americas Nuclear Future. [306], The Brooklyn Navy Yard consists of six dry docks located along the Brooklyn Navy Yard's northern edge, along the East River. Areva, EnergySolutions and URS Professional Solutions are project subcontractors. [119][118], The Brooklyn Navy Yard was employing 18,000 workers in December 1941, just after the attack on Pearl Harbor. (2008, Mar 1). The original NGNP licensing plan was submitted to Congress by the DOE and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in August 2008. A building usually located in a residential area, which has been partially converted or adapted for office space (e.g., a doctor's or dentist's office with an apartment upstairs). [303] The annex is connected to the original house via a 3-story lobby. Due to the Board of Aldermen's authority to grant franchises in the City of New York in the early to mid 1800s, interaction with Tammany Hall was required to expand Public opinion regarding nuclear power has generally been fairly positive, and has grown more so as people have had to think about security of energy supplies. [192] Seatrain planned to build five very large crude carriers (VLCCs) and seven container ships for Seatrain Lines. The summer of 2001 brought a major change to the department. [286] A stop along NYC Ferry's Astoria route at Dock 72 was included in a NYC Ferry expansion announced in January 2019,[287][288][289] and the NYC Ferry stop ultimately opened as scheduled on May 20, 2019. [111] The first World War II-era battleship built at Brooklyn Navy Yard was North Carolina,[112] which started construction in 1937[113] and was commissioned in April 1941. A new source of funding was opened up when the legislature created the state's Environmental Protection Fund. After learning that nuclear energy is the only large-scale source of clean air energy, 86% said it should be an important energy source in the future. By 2015 it is expected to reach a level approximately half of the Megatons to Megawatts programme, and it includes a mutual option to increase the quantities up to the same level as under that programme. A one family, year round residence with a secondary self contained dwelling unit. Satellites detect the hottest areas on a given day. f. The concept of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) project essentially came from the October 2001 report, A Roadmap to Deploy New Nuclear Power Plants in the United States by 2010 (see Note e above). Specialized auto equipment and repair (e.g., Goodyear Tire Center, Firestone Stores, etc.). OLA also serves as a liaison between elected officials and the Department on concerns and issues affecting their constituents. The Brooklyn Navy Yard produced wooden ships for the U.S. Navy through the 1870s, and steel ships after the American Civil War in the 1860s. [94] World War I ended in 1919, and in the aftermath of the war, Tennessee was the last World War I battleship constructed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Deregulation of electricity prices in some states in the 1990s led to greater concentration in nuclear power production. [228], In April 1999, actor Robert De Niro and Miramax Films announced that they were studying the possibility of constructing a film studio at Brooklyn Navy Yard. [301] All of these buildings were constructed in the Greek Revival style. This provision resulted in a series of legal and political challenges to the Yucca Mountain repository, and probably doomed the project. Manages state wildlife management areas. The Generation IV Nuclear Systems Initiative (Gen IV) has the mandate to develop new reactor systems that can be deployed over the next 20 years. The structure was completed by September 1941 at a cost of $4 million. This plus high levels of government debt, clouded the prospects for further loan guarantees for energy projects. A year-round residence with 10 or more acres of land; it may have up to three year-round dwelling units. Land used for the accumulation, storage or diversion of water for flood control purposes only. It would transfer responsibility for nuclear waste facility siting, licensing, construction, and management from the DOE to a new government agency, the Nuclear Waste Administration. In October, 61% believed that more nuclear plants should be built in the future. (2015, May 28). [75] After the completion of the battleships, two aircraft carrier orders were placed: one for USSBennington, laid down in December 1942, and one for USSFranklin D. Roosevelt, laid in 1944. In mid-2008, the Department of Energy (DOE) invited applications for loan guarantees to support the construction of advanced nuclear power plants (up to $18.5 billion total) and uranium enrichment plants (up to $2 billion initially, but then $4 billion). [Back], c. Louisiana Energy Services (LES) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Urenco USA. For FY 2011, the budget request was zero, on the basis that the programme had been successfully completed. Upon the CSCs entry into force, US courts will be required to dismiss lawsuits against such suppliers if the courts of a CSC installation state have exclusive jurisdiction over such claims. Vacant land with a commercial building envelope. Land deal to push Pataki over the million-acre mark in preservation of open space New York Times, 2015, Jul 30. Used for auto, horse, motorcycle, go-cart, or drag racing. [9] The department's activities go beyond land management and environmental enforcement to include the publication of a magazine and a state bird atlas, and the operation of 52 campgrounds in the Adirondack and Catskill Parks. The grounds was built on land acquired in 1848 and included marine officers' quarters, a barracks (former Building 91), a gate house, and a central parade ground. [332] The structure contained 712,000 square feet (66,100m2) of floor space when first built. These are destined for the national high-level waste repository. The docks would be 1,500 feet (460m) long by 200ft (61m) wide and 60ft (18m) deep; at the time, there were no battleships that large. Use our site search. As well as civil high-level waste (essentially all US used fuel plus research reactor used fuel of US origin) there is a significant amount of military high-level radioactive waste which Congress intends to share the same geological repository. (See information page on Nuclear Power in the USA.). All this work was under DOE auspices. [246] By 2007, the Navy Yard had over 230 businesses in 40 buildings, with about 5,000 employees between them. [237][238] The proposal was initially controversial among the Hasidic Jewish population of the surrounding area, whose leaders objected that the film industry was too immodest for the Hasidic Jewish principles. [139] For instance, in 1952, the New York Naval Shipyard renovated the World War II-era Antietam into the United States' first angled-deck aircraft carrier. Also, an office building used principally by an industrial concern but located remote from its manufacturing plant should be coded as commercial rather than industrial (e.g., office buildings in Manhattan occupied principally by industrial companies whose manufacturing activities are located elsewhere throughout the country). The ASLB stated: "Unless Congress directs otherwise, DOE may not single-handedly derail the legislated decision-making process by withdrawing the Application. [355] The United States Navy Department started leasing 25 acres (10ha) of waterfront land to the city of Brooklyn in 1877 so that the city could start operating a market,[355][356] and the Navy received a permit to start operating the market in 1884. Facilities which serve full course meals with or without legal beverages. However, if such building is used principally by tenants leasing space therein, the parcel should be coded as commercial. [239] Ultimately, Steiner Studios was built at a cost of $118 million[240] and opened at the yard in 2004. [49], Dry Dock 1 is located at Wallabout Bay, on the northeast side of Brooklyn Navy Yard. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. [111], To accommodate the construction of the battleships, dry docks 5 and 6 were constructed. As such, until 1929, the workers who remained were tasked mostly with repairing ships at the dry docks. Pipelines used by utility companies for the transportation of petroleum products.*. [331], The Brooklyn Navy Yard's eleven-story supply storehouse (Building 3), located east of Building 92, was the first reinforced-concrete building constructed at the yard. [187] In 1971, The New York Times reported that CLICK was operating at a net loss, and that CLICK had created less than half of the jobs that were originally promised for the end of 1970. Also 85% of said that an extension of commercial operation should be granted to those plants that comply with federal safety standards, and 59% believed more nuclear power plants should definitely be built in the future. ", "Wegmans Inches Closer to Reality With Construction Under Way at Admiral's Row", "Streetscapes: Brooklyn Navy Yard Gatehouses Shed Barnacles", "Naval Life's Bright Side; Some Memorable Pleasure Cruises of the Past", "Brooklyn Distillery's New Garden Offers Chance to Drink Inside Navy Yard", "Two Great Federal Stores; Government Contracts for Buildings in New York to Cost $2,000,000", "Quick Building Work at Brooklyn Navy Yard", "Fast Work Shown on Navy Yard Unit; 16-Story Storage and Office Building Topped Out Month Ahead of Schedule", "$4,000,000 Job Let by the Navy Here; First Cost-Plus Contract of Department Covers Storage Building in Brooklyn", "Navy Building Rises One Floor Every 3 Days", "See Inside Brooklyn Navy Yard's Completely Renovated Building 77", "Postings: It's One of the Biggest, 393 Feet Tall; At Navy Yard, The Crane Is Flying", "Groundbreaking Soon at Atlantic Yards on Prefabricated Tower", "Exclusive: Cutting-edge solar panels light the way to renewable energy at Brooklyn Navy Yard", "2,000 Pigeons Will Put on a Light Show in Brooklyn", "On This Day in History, April 20: 'To Market, To Market', "National Register of Historic Places listings for May 30, 2014", "Panaroma (sic) of Brooklyn South of the Brooklyn Bridge Marker", "History weighs heavily in Jennifer Egans WWII drama, "Lady Gaga wears a hover dress, performs 'ARTPOP' songs at Brooklyn artRAVE", "Chapter 5: Historic and Cultural Resources", Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, The Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation, Muster Rolls of the Officers and Men attached to the New York Navy Yard, 1813-1815, MS 93, History of the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places Portal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Navy_Yard&oldid=1124567317, Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Brooklyn, Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City, New York (state) in the American Civil War, Shipyards on the National Register of Historic Places, Works Progress Administration in New York City, Military installations established in 1801, Closed installations of the United States Navy, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Articles with dead external links from June 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using New York City Subway service templates, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Early Republic, Mid-19th Century, Late Victorian, Modern Movement. Both involve the review of detailed engineering, safety and environmental information as well as extended public hearings for any changes or new proposals. [133][134] Another large structure constructed at the Navy Yard was Building 77, a sixteen-story building that served as the yard headquarters, as well as storage space. [243] In 2004, New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that the city would develop the western side of Brooklyn Navy Yard with 560,000 square feet (52,000m2) of space for manufacturing, retail, and industrial uses. DEC efforts have also led to the restoration of several species in the state, including the bald eagle. Residential land including a small improvement (not used for living accommodations). The dry dock was 66 feet (20m) wide and 36 feet (11m) deep, and when the dock was filled at high tide, the depth of the water was 26 feet (7.9m). Get news and articles about the planet Earth, plus scientific analysis of environmental issues like climate change and extreme weather events. [323] Douglas C. Steiner, who was redeveloping the Admiral's Row site, stated in January 2018 that Building 16 would likely be developed for food-related uses, such as for a restaurant. [184] By early 1969, there were 300 people working at four companies within the yard, and more companies were moving in. The NRC's chairman and four other commissioner are appointed by the President. [141][142] A contract for the construction of Constellation, a super aircraft carrier, was awarded to New York Naval Shipyard in August 1952. The DOE is seeking congressional approval for $145 million funding for fiscal year 2022. The survey also found that 88% give the nearest nuclear plant a 'high' safety rating, 91% have confidence in the companys ability to operate the power plant safely, and 86% believe the company is doing a good job protecting the environment. [122] By January 1945, at peak employment, 4,657 women were working in skilled trades at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, such as pipe-fitters, electricians, welders, crane operators, truck drivers, and sheet metal workers. [324], The gate started construction in 1895,[328] and it opened a year later. In contrast to 1954 when the current legislation was drawn up, the USA is no longer the dominant supplier to a global market that will grow to nearly $750 billion over the next decade.. The USA is a nuclear weapons state, party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) which it ratified in 1970 and under which a safeguards agreement has been in force since 1980. [349] The property also contained a timber shed, parade ground, tennis courts, and garages attached to each house. of Environmental Conservation", "New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Headquarters", "History of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation", Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_State_Department_of_Environmental_Conservation&oldid=1111025168, State forestry agencies in the United States, State environmental protection agencies of the United States, Environmental agencies in New York (state), Natural resources agencies in the United States, Articles with dead external links from April 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with empty sections from June 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, New York Fisheries, Game and Forest Commission, New York Forest, Fish and Game Commission, Division of Management and Budget: Handles all personnel, internal. There is water frontage. [252][253], By 2015, more than 330 businesses were located at the yard, collectively employing about 7,000 people. ECOs and forest rangers are considered police officers under New York's Criminal Procedure Law, with the authority to carry firearms at all times and make arrests for any possible criminal violations they witness. During construction, serious problems with quicksand ultimately killed 20 workers and injured 400 others. Key criteria for selecting applicants included innovative reactor design and a credible management team able to supply the required 50-50 match in resources and deliver the projects within seven years. [355][23] The market was very close to New York Harbor, so it was easy to import and export goods, but the ground was muddy and the area was frequented by a violent gang that evaded police enforcement. [45] The ten-hour workday would not be implemented until March 31, 1840, when President Martin Van Buren finally mandated a ten-hour workday for all mechanics and laborers employed on public works. However, the Office of Nuclear Energy's 2010 Report to Congress on the NGNP4 states: "Whether or not the overall schedule for completing the construction of the NGNP in FY 2021 can still be met depends on many factors, including funding availability from both federal and private sectors." [215] However, the state refused to grant a permit for constructing the plant for several years, citing that the city had no recycling plan. In the 1980s, DEC was given regulatory authority over storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes. Now, though, researchers say that by peering down from space, they have found that the factorys emissions are likely higher than those of any other steel plant on Earth. He or she reports to the deputy secretary for the environment. In his first address as sovereign, King Charles III expressed profound sorrow over the death of Queen Elizabeth II and pledged to serve Britain with loyalty, respect and love. [122][123][124] The yard was nicknamed "The Can-Do Shipyard" because of its massive output in constructing dozens of ships and replacing hundreds more. Definitions of "nuclear supplier" and other terms are important elements of DOE s "retrospective risk pooling program" for nuclear suppliers to CSC countries whose products and services are significant from a nuclear safety perspective. [40] The Lyceum, which was housed in a handsome brick building,[23] published several magazines and maintained a museum of documents from around the world. [122] After the war, most of the women were terminated from their positions, and by 1946 the production workforce was composed entirely of men. [67], By 1872, there were 1,200 people on the Brooklyn Navy Yard's payroll, a number that could be increased fourfold in case of war. In recent years, the NRC has made an effort to expedite its procedures while still adhering to a strict regulatory framework. Overall more than $2 billion was provided for hydrogen demonstration projects. The Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) was set up, and the federal government was required to take delivery of the used fuel along with responsibility for its storage starting in 1998. After more than twenty years, Questia is discontinuing operations as of Monday, December 21, 2020. These facilities are usually complemented by a large supermarket and have ample parking (e.g., Ames, Wal-Mart, etc.). In August 2011 Solyndra, a company which designed, made and sold solar PV panels and had received a $535 million DOE loan guarantee, went into bankruptcy and laid off all employees. VHTR reactors would be capable of producing both electricity and hydrogen on a large scale, but would not have the same capability as fast reactors to burn recycled nuclear fuel. [119] The work also entailed the construction of piers J and K, as well as a 350-short-ton (310-long-ton) hammerhead crane at Pier G, added in 1943. [89][90] In conjunction with Dry Dock 4's construction, it was also proposed to lengthen the wooden Dry Dock 3 from 668 to 800 feet (204 to 244m) long. [31], The engineer Loammi Baldwin Jr. was hired to create a design for building a dry dock at the yard in 1825. A May 2008 survey (N=2925) by Zogby International showed 67% of Americans favoured building new nuclear power plants, with 46% registering strong support; 23% were opposed10. It surrounds Wallabout Bay, a former tidal marsh on the southeastern shore of the East River, a tidal estuary that connects to Long Island Sound on the east and the New York Bay to the south. The facility now houses an industrial and commercial complex run by the New York City government, both related to shipping repairs and maintenance and as office and manufacturing space for non-maritime industries. The parcel is individually owned with water frontage and, in addition, the owner of the parcel shares ownership with other members of the association in the ownership of common areas (i.e., land, lake frontage, docks, pools, tennis courts, etc.). [319] The timber shed had a twin, Building 15, which was located directly to the north and is now demolished. [166] Soon afterward, the city announced plans to purchase the yard and convert it into an industrial complex,[167] despite challenges from several federal agencies who also wanted to use parts of the yard. The center of the floor is mostly flat, with a 1-foot (0.30m) groove. IAEA safeguards are applied on all civil nuclear activities. Having site-by-site data on emissions clarifies how much global warming could be mitigated just by reducing the carbon footprints of the largest polluters, Mr. McCormick said. Develop better communications to reinforce the value of widespread use of nuclear energy. Because of a lack of funds, construction of the Brooklyn Navy Yard's dock was delayed until 1836, when the two other dry docks were completed. As part of the corporation's long-range plan, it proposed to renovate the Green Manufacturing Center, Building 77, the Admiral's Row site, and the Brooklyn Naval Hospital. In 1972, voters approved the Environmental Quality Bond Act, which continues to provide funds for land acquisition, solid waste aid, sewage treatment, air pollution control and resource recovery. Transition to renewables. Thus waste confidence reflects the NRC's reasonable assurance that used fuel can be safely stored for at least 120 years, and is central to its licensing of new reactors and renewing the operating licences of existing units. The Brooklyn Navy Yard specialized in creating submarine chasers, manufacturing 49 of them in the span of eighteen months. The FDNY's Marine Operations Division and their fireboats are located at Building 292. The deal represented a breakthrough on one of the most contentious issues at the U.N. summit in Egypt. [74], The Brooklyn Navy Yard required large quantities of national flags, naval pennants and canvas gunpowder bags. Elks, Moose, Eagles, and Veterans' Posts, etc., whose primary purpose is social activities for members. On April 24, 1835, the Board, rejected their petition, because "it would be inconsistent with the public interests, to regulate the working hours in the Navy Yards as proposed in the memorial". For power stations, Climate TRACE uses satellite images of the vapor wafting from their chimneys to predict electricity generation. The DOE-sponsored R&D programme based at Idaho National Laboratory is to be "performed in close collaboration with industry R&D programs, to provide the technical foundations for licensing and managing the long-term, safe and economical operation of current nuclear power plants." Today, almost all the commercial reactors in the USA are owned by private companies, and nuclear industry as a whole has far greater private participation, and less concentration, than any other country. The concentrated HLW will be vitrified at the main plant. There is no water frontage. [313] A Harper's Magazine article from 1871 stated that Dry Dock 1 had a capacity of 610,000 US gallons (2,300,000L) and could be emptied within two hours and ten minutes. This measure, which is still in effect, has had an impact not only on the nuclear power industry, but also on the supply and price of electricity in the nation's largest state, which must 'import' much of its electricity and has suffered from a series of blackouts and brownouts since the early 2000s (see information page on California's Electricity). The site, which covers 225.15 acres (91.11ha), is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In ranking attributes of electricity supply, 83% nominated reliability, 80% clean air, 77% affordability and 76% efficiency. Mr. McCormick said he and his collaborators were planning to write an academic study based on their work soon. DEC created the Pollution Prevention Institute (P2I)[16] in 2008 at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) to bring together academic institutions, not-for-profit institutions and government entities to encourage and support the development of sustainable businesses and organizations, and reduce natural resource consumption and waste. Note for assessors using RPSV4: The waterfront/ownership field is located on the Property Description and Location Update screens. Incinerators and waste compacting facilities. [337][133] The foundation of the building was constructed in June 1941, and construction progressed quickly, with one story completed roughly every three working days. Basset. In June 2021 TerraPower announced plans to build a demonstration Natrium unit in Wyoming at a retired coal plant site. The construction costs of these facilities are higher than other warehouse/manufacturing facilities reflecting their architectural design, super adequate upgrades, and more comprehensive finish. The Obama administration's budget request for FY 2016 would provide $217 million in funding for fuel cycle R&D, a 10% increase over FY 2015, but the budget narrative had little in common with AFCI aims. The main project is operated by SRR, a contractor team of URS Corp., Bechtel National, CH2M Hill and Babcock & Wilcox. Often belonging to a chain (i.e., Staples, Barnes & Noble, etc.) This category includes parcels used in or necessary adjunct to the provision of mining and quarrying, i.e., sand and gravel, limestone, trap rock, salt, iron and titanium, talc, lead and zinc, gypsum, and other mining and quarrying. [34], Although World War I started in 1914, it had gone on for several years without American intervention prior to the American entry into World War I on April 6, 1917. The detachment detonated buildings in the fire's path, which created fire breaks and reduced the fire's ability to spread, leading The Long Island Star to report that the "detachment of marines from the navy yard under Lieutenant Reynolds and sailors under Captain Mix rendered the most valuable service"[36] Similarly. The review will "include an evaluation of advanced fuel cycle technologies that would optimize energy recovery, resource utilization, and the minimization of materials" in other words, reprocessing and recycling as undertaken in Europe, Japan and prospectively in China. [9][30], By the 1820s, the Navy Yard consisted of the commandant's house, a marine barracks building, several smaller buildings, and shiphouses on what is now the northwestern corner of the yard. Because the world is on fire, Mr. McCormick said. In mid-2013 the Export-Import Bank announced support for the Westinghouse bid to build two new reactors in the Czech Republic, and declared that such support was critical in securing overseas reactor sales. For example, those who associated nuclear energy a lot with reliability included 68% of those self-described as "very well-informed". The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy in February 2012 released plan for its Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program to identify and research issues related to extension of the operating life of US power reactors beyond 60 years. Property used by groups for recreation, amusement, or entertainment. George Pataki decided the department needed a new home with views of the Hudson River. Renewables are poised to overtake coal as the largest source of electricity generation by early 2025, the agency found. It is to provide accelerated neutron damage rates 20 times greater than current water-cooled test reactors. [97] USSBrooklyn, the lead ship of the Brooklyn-class cruisers, was laid at the yard in March 1935. Building 41 (built 1942), located on Morris Avenue between Fourth and Fifth Street. A building readily adaptable, with little physical change, for more than one use or purpose. In December 2020 the DOE announced initial $30 million funding under the ARDP for five US-based teams developing affordable reactor technologies to be deployed over 10-14 years: Kairos Power for the Hermes Reduced-Scale Test Reactor, a scaled-down version of its fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (KP-FHR); Westinghouse for the eVinci microreactor; BWXT Advanced Technologies for the BWXT Advanced Nuclear Reactor (BANR); Holtec for its SMR-160; and Southern Company for its Molten Chloride Reactor Experiment, a 300 kWt reactor project to provide data to inform the design of a demonstration molten chloride fast reactor (MCFR) using TerraPower's technology. presidents. [123] Brooklyn Grange Farms was operating a 65,000-square-foot (6,000m2) commercial farm on top of Building 3. The summer of 2001 brought a major change to the department. Should construction not be completed by this date, the Act directs the Energy Secretary to "submit to Congress a report establishing an alternative date for completion." [229] The Navy Yard had 180 tenants who hired a combined 3,500 employees by 1991. The problem of disposing of used fuel, as well as nuclear weapons proliferation, remain high on the US policy agenda, but GNEP has lost support as a possible solution. A number of reactor designs fit the NGNP specification, notably: General Atomics' GT-MHR; Areva's similar Antares design; the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR), which until May 2010 was backed by Westinghouse and South Africa's PBMR (Pty) Limited but is now defunct; and the HTR-PM from China, now under construction there. The NNSA is building a new $6.5 billion Uranium Processing Facility (UPF) at Oak Ridge in Tennessee by 2025 to replace a 1940s HEU uranium processing plant, the 9212 building in the Y-12 National Security Complex part of the Manhattan Project. The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 established a timetable and procedures for the building of two repositories, funded by fees from utilities. It implemented New York's first state-level endangered species list. In January 2017 the DOE published a report on consent-based siting process and considerations. Volume I and Volume II of A Roadmap to Deploy New Nuclear Power Plants in the United States by 2010, prepared by the Near Term Deployment Group for the Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology and its Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee's Subcommittee on Generation IV Technology Planning (31 October 2001) are available on the Nuclear Power 2010 Program Activities section of the Office of Nuclear Energy website (www.ne.doe.gov) [Back], 3. It eventually built four VLCCs, which were the largest ships ever to be built in the Brooklyn Navy Yard, as well as eight barges and one ice-breaker barge. [278] As indicated in a 1917 report, the channel's depth was previously maintained at 40 feet from Throggs Neck to Upper New York Bay, with a channel width varying from 550 to 1,000 feet (170 to 300m) from Throggs Neck to Brooklyn Navy Yard, and thence 1,000 feet to deep water in the Upper Bay. Companies can also apply for early site permits (ESPs), which allow them to apply for approval at a particular site before specifying the design of the reactor or to apply using one of the generic designs already certified by the NRC. The majority of employees are unionized, with white collar professionals paying dues to the Public Employees Federation, blue-collar workers represented by the Civil Service Employees Association and the law enforcement officers members of the independent New York State Correctional and Police Officers' Benevolent Association, following the same pattern as other state agencies. 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