The results revealed that cytosolic Phe played a critical role during the transition of seedlings from heterotrophy to autotrophy by protecting the cells from oxidative damage, and by providing substrates for defense (Para et al., 2016). Subsequent experiments showed that GhWRKY17 involved in stress responses by regulating ABA signaling and cellular levels of ROS (Yan et al., 2014). Together with the antioxidants ascorbic acid and glutathione [35], these enzymes provide cells with highly efficient machinery for detoxifying O 2 and H 2 O 2. Over expression of cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from a mangrove plant. Direct regulation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by the PRR-associated kinase BIK1 during plant immunity. ROS homeostasis in halophytes in the context of salinity stress tolerance. Acad. Weeds are one of the most damaging biotic stresses in crop production, and drought and salinity are considered the most serious abiotic stresses. Eckardt N. 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The expression of these genes leads to reduce accumulation of ROS, resulting in enhanced abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco (Wu et al., 2008). SNAC3 enhances the abiotic stresses tolerance by modulating H2O2 homeostasis state through controlling the expression of ROS-associated enzyme genes (Fang et al., 2015). Sun S. J., Guo S. Q., Yang X., Bao Y. M., Tang H. J., Sun H., et al. The transgenic tobacco and tomato plants elevated endogenous PAs level, accumulated less ROS and showed an improvement in drought tolerance. CAS Functions and regulatory mechanisms of several RBOH proteins were investigated in crops. (2017). Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar . PMC Redox- and reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling into and out of the photosynthesizing chloroplast. 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RCD1 interacts with SOS1 and a large number of transcription factors which have been identified or predicted to be involved in both development and stress-related processes (Katiyar-Agarwal et al., 2006; Jaspers et al., 2009). The emerging role of reactive oxygen species signaling during lateral root development. An ornithine delta-aminotransferase gene OsOAT confers drought and oxidative stress tolerance in rice. Biochim. A key ABA catabolic gene, OsABA8ox3, is involved in drought stress resistance in rice. Dong et al. J Plant Physiol 165:13191330, Corpas FJ, Alch JD, Barroso JB (2013) Current overview of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in higher plants. This restricts our further understanding of their roles in plants. ROS are produced at several locations in the cell-like chloroplast, mitochondria, plasma membrane, peroxisomes, apoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell wall. This review describes the production and removal of ROS in plants, summarizes recent progress in understanding the role of ROS during plant vegetative apical meristem development, organogenesis, and abiotic stress responses, and some novel findings in recent years are discussed. The oxidative modification enhances BZR1 transcriptional activity by promoting its interaction with PIF4 (PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4) and ARF6 (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR6), thereby promoting root meristem development (Lv et al., 2018; Tian et al., 2018). Plant Cell 21, 736748. Mittler R., Kim Y., Song L., Coutu J., Coutu A., Ciftci-Yilmaz S., et al. Abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, or salinity affect plant growth and reduce agricultural production worldwide. Chem. ROS homeostasis during development: an evolutionary conserved strategy. PubMed Central (2010) reported that ZmMPK5 is required for NADPH oxidase-dependent self-propagation of ROS in BR-induced antioxidant defense systems in maize. The activation of ZmMPK5 also enhances the H2O2 production by increasing the expression and the activity of NADPH oxidase, thus there is a positive feedback loop involving NADPH oxidase, H2O2, and ZmMPK5 in ABA signaling (Zhang et al., 2006; Hu et al., 2007; Ding et al., 2009; Lin et al., 2009). Plant Biol. Increasing evidence demonstrated NADPH oxidases as key signaling nodes in the ROS regulation network of plants integrating numerous signal transduction pathways with ROS signaling and mediating multiple important biological processes, including cell growth and plant development, abiotic stress response and adaptation, plantmicrobe pathogenic and symbiotic interactions (Torres and Dangl, 2005; Suzuki et al., 2011; Marino et al., 2012). In the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem (SAM), enrichment of O2- in stem cells activates the WUSCHEL gene to maintain stem cell activities, whereas H2O2 accumulation in the peripheral zone (PZ) promotes cell differentiation. 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During the process of Arabidopsis vernalization and flowering, the content of ROS initially increases and then decreases. Zhu Y., Zuo M., Liang Y., Jiang M., Zhang J., Scheller H. V., et al. 174, 332341. Yan H., Jia H., Chen X., Hao L., An H., Guo X. In rice, most of these genes participating in ROS removal exhibit tissue/organ-specific expression profiles (Table 1). Plant Physiol 94:11871192, Foreman J, Demidchik V, Bothwell JH, Mylona P, Miedema H, Torres MA, Linstead P, Costa S, Brownlee C, Jones JD, Davies JM, Dolan L (2003) Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth. GhMKK5-overexpressing plants showed significantly up-regulated expression of ROS-related and cell death marker genes, and resulted in excessive accumulation of H2O2 and hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death (Zhang et al., 2012b). The cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly component MET18 is required for the full enzymatic activity of ROS1 in active DNA demethylation. Involvement of plasma-membrane NADPH oxidase in abscisic acid- and water stress-induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize seedlings. U.S.A. 98, 1345413459. Plant 8, 11031114. Plant Biol. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv074, Schippers, J. H., Foyer, C. H., and van Dongen, J. T. (2016). (2004). Cotton metallothionein GhMT3a, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, increased tolerance against abiotic stress in transgenic tobacco and yeast. Molecular analysis and functional characterization of MdSOS2L1 exhibited that it increases the ROS scavenging-enzymes and antioxidant metabolites such as procyanidin and malate, leading to enhanced salt tolerance in apple and tomato (Hu et al., 2015). Glutathione reductase (GR) plays a key role in controlling the levels of reduced glutathione in the Arabidopsis RAM. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Active DNA demethylation in plants and animals. Reactive oxygen gene network of plants. Plant Cell 24, 32963306. Role of glutathione in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms in disease. Google Scholar, del Ro LA, Fernndez VM, Ruprez FL, Sandalio LM, Palma JM (1989) NADH induces the generation of superoxide radicals in leaf peroxisomes. Overexpression of OsSRO1c resulted in accumulated H2O2 in guard cells, which, in turn, decreased stomatal aperture and reduced water loss. ROS are well-known harmful oxidants that can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids of cells when excessive. Opin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_1, eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0). The WRKY family proteins have one or two conserved WRKY domains comprising a highly conserved WRKYGQK heptapeptide at the N-terminus and a zinc-finger-like motif at the C-terminus (Eulgem et al., 2000). 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In mammals, histone deacetylases (HDACs) function in epigenetic regulation in connection with oxidative stress (Shimazu et al., 2013). Plant Physiol. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.05.014, Garcia-Gimenez, J. L., and Pallardo, F. V. (2014). OsOAT-overexpressing rice plants exhibited significantly increased -OAT activity and proline levels under normal growth conditions, and enhanced drought, osmotic, and oxidative stress tolerance (You et al., 2012). Key words: Apoptosis, Bcl-2, Hydroclathrus clathratus, reactive oxygen species. The conserved WRKY domain plays important roles in various physiological processes by binding to the W-box in the promoter regions of target genes (Ulker and Somssich, 2004; Rushton et al., 2010). Although 1O2 exists for a very short time and is extremely unstable in cells, once generated, it has great impact on photosynthesis. Rice plants overexpressing OsSRT1, a SILENT INFORMATION REGULATOR2 (SIR2)-related HDAC gene, have shown an enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress, while OsSRT1 RNAi induces H2O2 overproduction, DNA fragmentation, and cell death (Huang et al., 2007). (2013a). Oberschall A., Deak M., Torok K., Sass L., Vass I., Kovacs I., et al. Redox regulation in plant immune function. These key questions will require well-crafted genetic and biochemical experiments and advanced imaging methods to be addressed. (2009). TCP, TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF, a transcriptional regulator of the cell cycle, is inhibited by higher ROS levels in the SAM. (2011). Transcriptional regulatory networks in cellular responses and tolerance to dehydration and cold stresses. Plant Cell 29, 775790. RBOH activation occurs predominantly through N-terminal phosphorylation and the binding of a small GTPase. Recently, an SRO gene was also identified to be crucial for salinity stress resistance by modulating redox homeostasis in wheat (Liu et al., 2014). Cross-talk between calcium and reactive oxygen species originated from NADPH oxidase in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defence in leaves of maize seedlings. Plant J. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. CAS Planta 186:390398, CrossRef doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005776107, Miller, G., Suzuki, N., Ciftci-Yilmaz, S., and Mittler, R. (2010). A cDNA encoding a cytosolic copper-zinc SOD from the mangrove plant Avicennia marina was transformed into rice. Increased abscisic acid levels in transgenic tobacco over-expressing 9 cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase influence H. Zhang Z., Zhang Q., Wu J., Zheng X., Zheng S., Sun X., et al. Antioxidant response of wheat roots to drought acclimation. (2016). Recombinant GhMT3a protein showed an ability to bind metal ions and scavenge ROS in vitro. Plant Pathol. 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The WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene WOX11 is required to activate shoot-borne crown root development in rice. Proteomics 9:23012312, Palma JM, Gupta DK, Corpas FJ (2013) Metalloenzymes involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and heavy metal stress. In addition to TFs, transcriptional coregulator as well as spliceosome component, OsSKIPa, a rice homolog of human Ski-interacting protein (SKIP), has been studied for effects on drought resistance (Hou et al., 2009). Ethylene accumulation induces the expression of RBOHH, a member of the NADPH oxidase gene family. What interactions exist between ROS, reactive nitrogen species, and calcium signaling? Plant Physiol 123:335344, Pignocchi C, Foyer CH (2003) Apoplastic ascorbate metabolism and its role in the regulation of cell signalling. During recent years, sources of ROS, mechanisms of production and removal, and key antioxidant molecules and enzymes that scavenge ROS have been reported in plants. Transcriptional factors (TFs) are one of the important regulatory proteins involved in abiotic stress responses. The localized and temporal production of ROS is likely to be extremely critical in the cellular and intracellular transduction of ROS signals. Arrows indicate positive regulation. (2014). In the past 20 years, potato virus Y (PVY) emerged as a relatively new and very serious problem in potatoes, even though it is the oldest known plant virus. ROS production increases when plants are exposed to different kinds of stresses. OsSUV3, an NTP-dependent RNA/DNA helicase in rice, exhibits ATPase, RNA and DNA helicase activities (Tuteja et al., 2013). (2018). Biol. Biol. Front. Zhang A., Zhang J., Ye N., Cao J., Tan M., Jiang M. (2010). OsDMI3-mediated activation of OsMPK1 regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in abscisic acid signalling in rice. Besides traditional enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, increasing evidences indicated that soluble sugars, including disaccharides, raffinose family oligosaccharides and fructans, have a dual role with respect to ROS (Couee et al., 2006; Keunen et al., 2013). (2012). 12:e1006175. Biophys. In wox11 mutants, significant alteration is observed in the expression of many genes involved in the regulation of ROS homeostasis (Jiang et al., 2017). In addition, overexpression of OsACA6 confers Cd2+ stress tolerance in transgenic lines by maintaining cellular ion homeostasis and modulating ROS-scavenging pathway (Shukla et al., 2014). In: Gupta, D., Palma, J., Corpas, F. (eds) Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress. (2012). The active process of ROS detoxification in plant cells is also aided by different metabolic adaptations that reduce ROS production, and by maintaining the level of free transient metals such as Fe 2+ under control, to prevent the formation of the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (HO.) Plant 8, 12531273. Brosche M., Blomster T., Salojarvi J., Cui F., Sipari N., Leppala J., et al. Peroxisomes sense and respond to environmental cues by regulating ROS and RNS signalling networks. 172, 10451060. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are regarded as by-products of plant aerobic metabolism and are generated in several cellular compartments such as chloroplasts (Dietz et al., 2016), mitochondria (Huang et al., 2016), and peroxisomes (Sandalio and Romero-Puertas, 2015). Of course, alterations in ROS levels that are part of the normal function of the plant should not exceed the threshold boundary between cytostatic and cytotoxic levels. GPX, GST, and PRX reduce H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides through ascorbate-independent thiol-mediated pathways using GSH, thioredoxin (TRX) or glutaredoxin (GRX) as nucleophile (Dietz et al., 2006; Meyer et al., 2012; Noctor et al., 2014). Potato tuber dormancy is a complicated physiological process. (2011) isolated an arginine decarboxylase gene (PtADC) from Poncirus trifoliata. (2011). Arsenite alters global histone H3 methylation. Plant Physiol 118:13271335, Kadota Y, Sklenar J, Derbyshire P, Stransfeld L, Asai S, Ntoukakis V, Jones JD, Shirasu K, Menke F, Jones A, Zipfel C (2014) Direct regulation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by the PRR-associated kinase BIK1 during plant immunity. Google Scholar, del Ro LA (2015) ROS and RNS in plant physiology: an overview. The ZFP179 transgenic rice plants increased ROS-scavenging ability and expression levels of stress-related genes, and exhibited significantly enhanced tolerance to salt and oxidative stress (Sun et al., 2010). Dietz K. J., Jacob S., Oelze M. L., Laxa M., Tognetti V., De Miranda S. M., et al. In summary, Many plant species are currently used for the prevention and treatment of cancer, such . Further studies showed that H2O2 itself affects UPB1 expression, and this regulatory system contains a feedback loop that plays a role in both ROS homeostasis and root growth (Tsukagoshi et al., 2010). To meet the demands of food security in the face of an increasing world population and environmental challenge, scientists envisage a crucial need for a second green revolution to enhance crop yield and yield stability under non-optimal and adverse growing conditions by a combination of approaches based on the recent advances in genomic research (Zhang, 2007; Eckardt et al., 2009). When ROS levels are low, the cells are in the reduced state, and ROS can be used as second messengers that participate in stem cell maintenance, cell division, and differentiation, organogenesis, and biotic and abiotic responses, etc. 55, 373399. ROS are also thought to play essential roles in leaf development, senescence and organ dormancy. Bot. 24-Epibrassinolide alleviates organic pollutants-retarded root elongation by promoting redox homeostasis and secondary metabolism in Cucumis sativus L. Environ. Plant Physiol 138:21112123, Lisenbee CS, Lingard MJ, Trelease RN (2005) Arabidopsis peroxisomes possess functionally redundant membrane and matrix isoforms of monodehydroascorbate reductase. As the source of all ROS, oxygen (O2) is stable and not very reactive in plants. Cold Spring Harb. Accordingly, the augmented ROS levels are sensed and restrictively controlled by a battery of ROS-scavenging systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 19:990997, Smirnoff N (2001) L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis. A rice protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) gene, OsPP18, was identified as a SNAC1-regulated downstream gene (You et al., 2014). Our limited knowledge of SRO proteins is mainly from the study in Arabidopsis mutant rcd1 (radical-induced cell death 1). Huda et al. Numerous studies have uncovered several regulatory mechanisms of plant NADPH oxidases in Arabidopsis, which involved various signaling components including protein phosphorylation, Ca2+, CDPKs, and phospholipase D1 (PLD1) (Baxter et al., 2014). Yang F, Miao Y, Liu Y, Botella JR, Li W, Li K, Song CP. An apoplastic h-type thioredoxin is involved in the stress response through regulation of the apoplastic reactive oxygen species in rice. Great efforts have been made to validate relatively well-described yeast or animal PCD pathways in plants; yet with limited success. 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Role of peroxidases in the compensation of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase knockdown in rice plants under abiotic stress. (2013). Rushton P. J., Somssich I. E., Ringler P., Shen Q. J. Plants require a threshold level of ROS for vital functions and any change in their concentration alters the entire physiology of plant. Overexpression of OsACA6 confers tolerance to salinity and drought stresses in tobacco, which was correlated with reduced accumulation of ROS and enhanced the expression of stress-responsive genes in plants (Huda et al., 2013). Pharmacol. Plant Cell 25, 44514468. To summarize, plants integrate ROS with genetic, epigenetic, hormones and external signals to promote development and environmental adaptation. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase plays a vital role in regulation of rice seed vigor via altering NADPH oxidase activity. crop plants, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, abiotic stress, antioxidative enzymes, gene regulation. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Characterization of rice NADPH oxidase genes and their expression under various environmental conditions. Recent studies demonstrate that ROS1 and DME interact directly with the FeS cluster assembly machinery, which is highly susceptible to oxidation by ROS. Cell. More importantly, OsAPX2-overexpressing plants were more tolerant to drought stress than wild-type plants at the booting stage as indicated a significantly increase in spikelet fertility under abiotic stresses (Zhang et al., 2013). 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Transgenic plants exhibited higher expression of numerous genes involved in lipid metabolism and protection against oxidative stress, therefore, reduced levels of membrane lipid peroxidation under stress conditions (Campo et al., 2014). Each type of ROS has a different oxidative capacity and affects different physiological and biochemical reactions regulated by different genes in plants. zdemir F., Bor M., Demiral T., Trkan . Thus, network involving in function of these genes in ROS homeostasis to medicate abiotic stress resistance needs to be fully investigated, and the new components need to be integrated into the signaling pathway. Eulgem T., Rushton P. J., Robatzek S., Somssich I. E. (2000). Ciftci-Yilmaz S., Morsy M. R., Song L., Coutu A., Krizek B. 15). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. How are bursts of ROS sensed and transduced in plant cells? Res. This research was supported by the Hundred Talents Program, the Knowledge Innovative Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Front. 48, 909930. Fang Y., You J., Xie K., Xie W., Xiong L. (2008). The realization of the central importance of ROS in plant cell biology and the growing volume of research into the function of ROS in plants constitute the main driving force behind this Special Issue. JERF3 modulates the expression of genes involved in osmotic and oxidative stresses responses by binding to the osmotic- and oxidative-responsive related cis elements. Do not distribute. Food Chem. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Phytochemistry 68:16421650, Dietz KJ (2003) Plant peroxiredoxins. (2015). Sci. Mol. Under optimal growth conditions, intracellular ROS are mainly produced at a low level in organelles. Exogenous application of reduced glutathione partially restores the normal root phenotype. 3, is derived from the wheat parent allele via point mutation. Redox modulation of plant developmental regulators from the class I TCP transcription factor family. Recently, a NAC transcription factor gene, SNAC3, functions as a positive regulator under high temperature and drought stress, was identified in rice (Fang et al., 2015). Plant Mol. Nguyen H. T., Cai S., Jiang G., Ye N., Chu Z., Xu X., et al. RBOHs were also found to be phosphorylated by SnRK2 protein kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) during ABA-dependent stomatal closure (Sirichandra et al., 2009). Recent mutational and transgenetic plants analyses revealed special member of multigene enzyme family as a key player in ROS homeostasis regulation in crop plants. Physiol. Plant RBOHs have cytosolic FAD- and NADPH-binding domains in the C-terminal region, and transmembrane domains that correspond to those in mammalian NADPH oxidases (Suzuki et al., 2011). The ospp18 mutant exhibited sensitive to drought and oxidative stress with reduced activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. The discovery of the enzymatic activity of SOD 45 years ago (McCord and Fridovich, 1969) ushered in the field of ROS biology. Comparison of transcription profiles of rice in response to multiple stresses suggested the central role of ROS homeostasis in different abiotic stresses (Mittal et al., 2012). Arch Biochem Biophys 506:111, CrossRef OsABA8ox3, encoding ABA 8-hydroxylase involved in ABA catabolism, is also a key gene regulating ABA accumulation and anti-oxidative stress capability under drought stress (Nguyen et al., 2015). Bull. Dec 07, 2022 (Reportmines via Comtex) -- Phenolic antioxidants are substances found in plants, which scavenge and neutralize harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online . Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estacin Experimental del Zaidn, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18008, Granada, Spain, Institut fr Radiokologie und Strahlenschutz (IRS), Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universitt Hannover, Herrenhuser Str. Apoplastic ROS are rapidly produced in plants as a defense response to pathogen attack and abiotic stress. On the other hand, increases in ROS result in increases in various histone modifications such as H3K4me2/3, H3K79me3, H3k27me3, and H3K9me2, due to inhibition of histone demethylases (Chen et al., 2006; Zhou et al., 2008; Niu et al., 2015). Recent studies also showed that changes in ROS levels caused apparent epigenetic modifications such as acylation, which in turn regulated the activity of ROS related proteins in rice leaves (Zhou et al., 2018). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02041.x, Mittler, R. (2017). The future of science: food and water for life. Qiao B., Zhang Q., Liu D., Wang H., Yin J., Wang R., et al. Transcriptional regulation of ROS controls transition from proliferation to differentiation in the root. Takahashi S., Kimura S., Kaya H., Iizuka A., Wong H. L., Shimamoto K., et al. 2010 Apr;138(4):414-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01326.x. and transmitted securely. To cover many of the different aspects of ROS function in plants, 13 Update articles are included, as well as a review on ROS in different biological systems. Plant Physiol 114:275284, Jimnez A, Hernndez JA, Pastori G, del Rio LA, Sevilla F (1998) Role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle of mitochondria and peroxisomes in the senescence of pea leaves. Natl. The SbMT-2 gene from a halophyte confers abiotic stress tolerance and modulates ROS scavenging in transgenic tobacco. This implies there is close cooperation between ROS and epigenetic regulation of gene expression during rice crown root development. ROS trigger signal transduction events, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, eliciting specific cellular responses. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143173, Jacobowitz, J. R., Doyle, W. C., and Weng, J. K. (2019). However, although the highly compartmentalized nature of enzymes involved in ROS scavenging is fairly well defined, we have much to discover about the initiation of ROS signaling, the sensing and response mechanisms, and how the delicate balance between production and scavenging is controlled. Zhang H., Ni L., Liu Y., Wang Y., Zhang A., Tan M., et al. Reactive oxygen signaling and abiotic stress. Small molecules, such as Ca2+, calmodulin (CaM), NO and ROS have been demonstrated to play vital roles in ABA-induced antioxidant defense (Jiang and Zhang, 2003; Hu et al., 2007). The ascorbate peroxidase APX1 is a direct target of a zinc finger transcription factor ZFP36 and a late embryogenesis abundant protein OsLEA5 interacts with ZFP36 to co-regulate OsAPX1 in seed germination in rice. 9:1063. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03463-x, Tognetti, V. B., Bielach, A., and Hrtyan, M. (2017). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:517522, Tripathy BC, Oelmller R (2012) Reactive oxygen species generation and signaling in plants. 2 ), including during mitochondrial respiration, during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, in peroxisome-localized photorespiratory reactions, and by apoplastic NADPH oxidases [such as the respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs)] and other oxidases. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing EcNAC1 increased ROS scavenging activity, up-regulated many stress-responsive genes, and exhibited tolerance to various abiotic stresses and MV-induced oxidative stress (Ramegowda et al., 2012). (2016). Cellular localization of ROS and NO in olive reproductive tissues during flower development. Plant Cell Environ. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1361076, Kim, D. S., and Hwang, B. K. (2014). Med. Genetic engineering for modern agriculture: challenges and perspectives. How these different enzymes are coordinated within each compartment and between different compartments to adjust a particular ROS at an appropriate level during stresses is an important question needs to be addressed. The SNAC1-targeted gene OsSRO1c modulates stomatal closure and oxidative stress tolerance by regulating hydrogen peroxide in rice. Overexpression of the GmNAC2 gene, an NAC transcription factor, reduces abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco. Annu. Redox Signal. Plant Signal Behav 7:16211633, Valpuesta V, Botella MA (2004) Biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in plants: new pathways for an old antioxidant. Plant Cell 21:23572377. Plant Cell 28, 18441859. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. (2020) has found that CRK2 forms a pre-activation complex with RBOHD in Arabidopsis and, importantly, phosphorylates the C-terminus of RBOHD in vivo to regulate ROS production. Emerging evidence indicates that ROS homeostasis shapes plant vegetative apex development (Figure 1). (2008). Plant Cell 23, 515533. Rice histidine kinase OsHK3 showed to regulate the expression of NADPH oxidase genes and the production of H2O2 in ABA signaling (Wen et al., 2015). 2010 Feb;13(1):53-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.09.008. Plant Physiol Biochem 48:909930, Goyer A, Johnson TL, Olsen LJ, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Rhodes D, Hanson AD (2004) Characterization and metabolic function of a peroxisomal sarcosine and pipecolate oxidase from Arabidopsis. 21, 13731388. Effect of plant phenolics on the formation of the spin-adduct of hydroxyl radical and the DNA strand breaking by hydroxyl radical. This is usually utilised for mammalian immunological defence, but also plays a role in cell signalling. Work in our laboratories is supported by ERDF grants co-financed by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects AGL2011-26044, BIO2012-33904) and the Junta de Andaluca (group BIO192) in Spain. Trends Plant Sci 17:915, Mart MC, Camejo D, Olmos E, Sandalio LM, Fernndez-Garca N, Jimnez A, Sevilla F (2009) Characterisation and changes in the antioxidant system of chloroplasts and chromoplasts isolated from green and mature pepper fruits. Biochemistry 33:1446914474, Torres MA, Dangl JL, Jones JDG (2002) Arabidopsis gp91phox homologues AtrbohD and AtrbohF are required for accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates in the plant defense response. OsHK3 is a crucial regulator of abscisic acid signaling involved in antioxidant defense in rice. Unequally redundant RCD1 and SRO1 mediate stress and developmental responses and interact with transcription factors. Production of ROS, including singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), superoxide (O 2 ), hydroxyl radicals (OH ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and reactive nitrogen species such as nitric oxide (NO) are. 67, 52915300. Unbroken lines indicate direct regulation, and broken lines indicate unclear mechanism. This result revealed the interaction between AsA and H2O2 in maintaining RAM size. Sci. Whereas dILP8 expression is required to coordinate intra-organ growth and final tissue size, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production downstream of Egr/JNK and as a consequence of apoptosis induction acts in a non-cell-autonomous manner to regulate the proliferation rates of adjacent epithelial cells. Nath K., Kumar S., Poudyal R. S., Yang Y. N., Timilsina R., Park Y. S., et al. The mechanisms of brassinosteroids action: from signal transduction to plant development. J Biol Chem 242:51695173, Hu J, Baker A, Bartel B, Linka N, Mullen RT, Reumann S, Zolman BK (2012) Plant peroxisomes: biogenesis and function. Search for other works by this author on: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were initially recognized as toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, removed by means of antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes. Does ROS signaling play a role in cell-to-cell communication? Expression of a finger millet transcription factor, EcNAC1, in tobacco confers abiotic stress-tolerance. The plant hormone ABA is the key regulator of abiotic stress resistance in plants, and regulates large number of stress-responsive genes by a complex regulatory network so as to confer tolerance to the environmental stresses (Cutler et al., 2010; Raghavendra et al., 2010). Patterning the axis in plants--auxin in control. In rice, homeobox gene MADS3 has been proved to be essential for stamen formation during early floral development. (2013b). doi: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1520547, Huang, S., Van Aken, O., Schwarzlander, M., Belt, K., and Millar, A. H. (2016). However, the regulation mechanism of the antioxidant system and the key components involved in ROS regulation and abiotic stress tolerance have not yet been summarized in crop plants. WRKY transcription factors: from DNA binding towards biological function. Plant Physiol. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. (2017b). Ye N., Zhu G., Liu Y., Li Y., Zhang J. These two different ROS micro-environments coincide with the meristematic and the elongation zone, and their distributions are important for localization of the transition zone. (2006). Pollut. As signaling components, ROS are distributed in all plant tissues, especially in metabolically active tissues. Two MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), GhMKK1 and GhMKK5 have been characterized to be involved in stress resistance and ROS homeostasis in cotton (Zhang et al., 2012b; Lu et al., 2013). Table 1. Sci. The influx of Ca2+ into the cytosol is countered by pumping Ca2+ out from the cytosol to restore the basal cytosolic level, and this may be achieved either by P-type Ca2+ATPases or antiporters. This suggests that ROS might be involved in crown root development controlled by WOX11. Tang B., Xu S. Z., Zou X. L., Zheng Y. L., Qiu F. Z. (2018). (2007). mtROS production in plants has been implicated in the execution of programmed cell death ( PCD; Van Aken and Van Breusegem, 2015 ). Four distinct DNA demethylases, REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1), DEMETER (DME), DME-like 2 (DML2), and DML3 catalyzed the active removal of 5-methylcytosine from DNA (Zhang and Zhu, 2012; Wang et al., 2016). ZmMPK5 is required for the NADPH oxidase-mediated self-propagation of apoplastic H. Zhang C. J., Zhao B. C., Ge W. N., Zhang Y. F., Song Y., Sun D. Y., et al. (2010). doi: 10.1104/pp.16.00166, Ishibashi, Y., Kasa, S., Sakamoto, M., Aoki, N., Kai, K., Yuasa, T., et al. Drought causes oxidative stress on plants, arising from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to inadequate CO2, which disrupts the photosynthetic machinery of plants. The expression of transcription factor TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PCF), which is associated with the cell cycle, is inhibited by higher ROS levels in the SAM. Mol. Sci. Mitogen-activated protein kinases and reactive oxygen species signaling in plants. TaCIPK29, a CBL-interacting protein kinase gene from wheat, confers salt stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. Ramadan KMA, Alharbi MM, Alenzi AM, El-Beltagi HS, Darwish DBE, Aldaej MI, Shalaby TA, Mansour AT, El-Gabry YAE, Ibrahim MFM. Google Scholar, Hebelstrup KH, Mller I (2015) Mitochondrial signaling in plants under hypoxia: use of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). MAPK cascades also play crucial roles in ROS signaling, and several studies in Arabidopsis have shown that ROS are not only the trigger, but also the consequence of activation of MAPK signaling (Kovtun et al., 2000; Pitzschke and Hirt, 2006; Pitzschke et al., 2009). On the other hand, SUB1A improves survival of rapid dehydration following desubmergence and water deficit during drought by increasing ABA responses, and activating stress-inducible gene expression (Fukao et al., 2011). Jan A., Maruyama K., Todaka D., Kidokoro S., Abo M., Yoshimura E., et al. Disruption of APP1 is accompanied by a reduction in ROS levels, a rise in the rate of cell division in the QC, and the promotion of root DSC differentiation, suggesting that ROS levels are directly related to RAM size in Arabidopsis (Yu et al., 2016). GMF reduction to near-null values (NNMF) induces gene expression modulation that generates biomolecular, morphological, and developmental changes. However, their function in ROS homeostasis and regulation of gene expression remain unclear. Accessibility As signaling components, ROS are best known for their roles in abiotic and biotic stress-related events. Acta 1833, 27752780. Sci Signal 7(320):ra33, Skelly MJ, Loake GJ (2013) Synthesis of redox-active molecules and their signaling functions during the expression of plant disease resistance. Involvement of CAT in the detoxification of HT-induced ROS burst in rice anther and its relation to pollen fertility. Overexpression of another CDPK gene, OsCPK4, results in increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses in rice plants. (2011). However, numerous studies show that ROS are also important signaling molecules that regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses [ 12, 13, 16, 17 ]. Rice calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase 31 (OsCIPK31) is involved in the development of panicle apical spikelets. CDPK, calcium-dependent protein kinase; CIPK, calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PK, protein kinase; PP, protein phosphatase; SRO, similar to RCD one. Among the enzymatic systems, SOD is able to rapidly convert OH to H2O2, and the generated H2O2 is then converted to water and dioxygen by peroxidase and CAT (Gechev et al., 2006; Mittler, 2017). OsANN1, a member of the annexin protein family in rice, has ATPase activity, the ability to bind Ca2+, and the ability to bind phospholipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner. 2007 Aug;17(4):337-43. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2007.04.012. Plant Physiol 141:312322, Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (2007) Free radicals in biology and medicine. Introduction. Biol. Zhang Y., Tan J., Guo Z., Lu S., He S., Shu W., et al. You J., Zong W., Hu H., Li X., Xiao J., Xiong L. (2014). The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. How plants overcome the contradiction between energy supply and ROS production during seed germination remains unclear. It is also very important to clarify the mechanisms regulating ROS signaling pathways and their interplay during abiotic stresses. Lett. The 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) are classified into two subgroups, OPRI and OPRII. Several studies showed important roles of antioxidative components in ROS homeostasis in crop plants. MeSH Members of AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene response factor) transcription factor family, including DREB/CBF transcription factors, are especially important as they regulate genes involved in multiple abiotic stress responses (Mizoi et al., 2012). Thioredoxin-mediated ROS homeostasis explains natural variation in plant regeneration. Regulation of Phenolic Compound Production by Light Varying in Spectral Quality and Total Irradiance. Drought-stimulated activity of plasma membrane nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and its catalytic properties in rice. Conversely, the oscpk12 mutant and RNAi plants were more sensitive to high salinity and accumulated more H2O2 than wild type plants (Asano et al., 2012). 19:853. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030853, Dolzblasz, A., Smakowska, E., Gola, E. M., Sokolowska, K., Kicia, M., and Janska, H. (2016). PubMed Plant Sci. (2015). Plant Cell Rep. 37, 741757. The alternative oxidase lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen production in plant cells. Water stress-induced abscisic acid accumulation triggers the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Soybean NAC TF, GmNAC2, was identified as a negative regulator during abiotic stress, and participates in ROS signaling pathways through modulation of the expression of genes related to ROS-scavenging (Jin et al., 2013). Plant Cell 24:275287, Demmig-Adams B, Adams W (2006) Photoprotection in an ecological context: the remarkable complexity of thermal energy dissipation. A rice calcium-dependent protein kinase OsCPK12 oppositely modulates salt-stress tolerance and blast disease resistance. Plant Physiol 110:589598, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB (2014) NADPH-generating dehydrogenases: their role in the mechanism of protection against nitro-oxidative stress induced by adverse environmental conditions. The chief toxic effect of O2 and H2O2 resides in their ability to initiate cascade reactions that result in. A prominent membrane protein in oilseed glyoxysomes. (2009). Mutation of DORN1 phosphorylation sites on RBOHD eliminates the ability of ATP to induce stomatal closure. (2015). Capell T., Bassie L., Christou P. (2004). (2014b). With a long-term goal to improve the abiotic stress resistance of crop plants by the utilizing of ROS regulation pathways, more and more key regulators need to be identified. Plant Physiol 141:391396, CrossRef J. Exp. Phytochemistry 112, 2232. doi: 10.1105/tpc.113.117028, Zafra, A., Rodriguez-Garcia, M. I., and Alche Jde, D. (2010). Consistent with this, OsABA8ox3 RNAi plants showed increased SOD and CAT activities and reduced MDA levels during dehydration treatment. kg1 CdCl2) to understand its role in wheat Cd tolerance. (2014). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 7988, Pruzinska A, Tanner G, Aubry S, Anders I, Moser S, Muller T, Ongania K-H, Krautler B, Youn J-Y, Liljegren SL et al (2005) Chlorophyll breakdown in senescent Arabidopsis leaves: characterization of chlorophyll catabolites and of chlorophyll catabolic enzymes involved in the degreening reaction. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in plants: molecular mechanisms, crosstalks, and functional significance. A stress-responsive NAC transcription factor SNAC3 confers heat and drought tolerance through modulation of reactive oxygen species in rice. doi: 10.1089/ars.2013.5679, Fujita, M., Fujita, Y., Noutoshi, Y., Takahashi, F., Narusaka, Y., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., et al. Plant Physiol. Plant Biol. Abscisic acid is a key phytohormone that medicates the adaptive responses to abiotic stresses of plants. In the RAM, ROS, and auxin signaling are antagonistically regulated to balance root meristem growth (Tognetti et al., 2017). BRI1, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1, and BZR1, BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1, are modified by ROS. Additionally, environmental pollution by OPs also induces accumulation of both H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) in root tips, resulting in increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation, and abnormal root growth. Additionally, ROS interplay with epigenetic modifiers and hormones to control plant developmental processes, and stress responses (Gill and Tuteja, 2010; Tsukagoshi et al., 2010; Zeng et al., 2017; Kong et al., 2018). Further experiments indicated that OsSRO1c has dual roles in drought and oxidative stress tolerance of rice by promoting stomatal closure and H2O2 accumulation through a novel pathway involving the SNAC1 and DST regulators (You et al., 2013). ROS are significantly accumulated under abiotic stress conditions, which cause oxidative damage and eventually resulting in cell death. Reactive oxygen species are involved in brassinosteroid-induced stress tolerance in cucumber. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2-), hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) are by-products of physiological metabolisms, and are precisely controlled by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M603761200, Blokhina, O. Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases that generate superoxide anion radicals, which then dismutate to H 2 O 2, into the apoplast using cytoplasmic NADPH as an electron donor. Google Scholar, Poirier Y, Antonenkov VD, Glumoff T, Hiltunen JK (2006) Peroxisomal -oxidation-a metabolic pathway with multiple functions. 70, 831844. Overexpression of a peroxidase gene (AtPrx64) of Arabidopsis thaliana in tobacco improves plants tolerance to aluminum stress. PubMed Specific aquaporins facilitate the diffusion of hydrogen peroxide across membranes. The imbalance of different ROS species or accumulation of ROS induced by high levels of glucose oxidizes active IAA, resulting in its degradation, impairs root meristem activity, and subsequently inhibits root growth through the conserved macroautophagy/autophagy pathway (Huang et al., 2019). Sato Y., Masuta Y., Saito K., Murayama S., Ozawa K. (2011). The findings suggest that autophagy is an essential mechanism for glucose-mediated maintenance of the root meristem by modulating the homeostasis of cellular ROS and promoting the degradation of the oxidatively damaged peroxisomes. 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